{"id":934,"date":"2023-07-20T04:55:31","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T04:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/1-pentanol-c5h11oh\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T04:55:31","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T04:55:31","slug":"1-pentanol-c5h11oh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/1-pentanol-c5h11oh\/","title":{"rendered":"1-pentanol \u2013 c5h11oh, 71-41-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-pentanol, be\u015f karbon atomuna sahip, renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131 alkold\u00fcr. Kimyasal sentezlerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve ara madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalara sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Pentan-1-ol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C\u2085H\u2081\u2081OH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 71-41-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Amil alkol, n-amil alkol, 1-hidroksipentan, n-pentil alkol, pentanol, pentil alkol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C5H12O\/c1-2-3-4-5-6\/h6H,2-5H2,1H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Form\u00fcl 1-pentanol<\/h3>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn form\u00fcl\u00fc C\u2085H\u2081\u2081OH’dur. Be\u015f karbon atomu, on bir hidrojen atomu ve bir hidroksil grubundan (-OH) olu\u015fur. Form\u00fcl, bir pentanol molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki spesifik d\u00fczenlemeyi ve atom t\u00fcrlerini temsil eder.<\/p>\n

1-Pentanol Molar K\u00fctle<\/h3>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi, onu olu\u015fturan atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctleleri toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r. Pentanol\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88.15 gramd\u0131r (g\/mol). Bir mol pentanol molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 138 santigrat derecedir (280 derece Fahrenheit). Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131v\u0131 pentanol gaz haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Kaynama noktas\u0131 bir maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 halden gaz haline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

1-Pentanol Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k -79 santigrat derecedir (-110 Fahrenheit derece). Bu, kat\u0131 pentanol\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131 formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Erime noktas\u0131 kat\u0131 durumdan s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7i\u015fi temsil eder.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol g\/mL yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/h3>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu mililitre ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,81 gramd\u0131r (g\/mL). Yo\u011funluk birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu, bir maddenin molek\u00fcllerinin ne kadar s\u0131k\u0131 paketlendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

1-Pentanol Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88.15 gramd\u0131r (g\/mol). Bir molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir maddenin mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya k\u00fctlesini belirlemek gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hesaplamalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"1-Pentanol\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Pentanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, bir ucuna bir hidroksil grubunun (-OH) ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, be\u015f karbon atomundan olu\u015fan d\u00fcz bir zincirden olu\u015fur. CH\u2083(CH\u2082)\u2083CH\u2082OH kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahiptir. Pentanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Pentanol, eter ve aseton gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak suda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. Hidroksil grubunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle su molek\u00fclleri ile hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Pentanol\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc farkl\u0131 ortamlardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0,809-0,814 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Karakteristik koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 88,15 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0.81g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -79\u00b0C (-110\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 138\u00b0C (280\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 54\u00b0C (129\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Eter ve aseton gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 2,5 mmHg (25\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 3,0 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 16.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 6.5-8.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1-Pentanol G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pentanol belirli g\u00fcvenlik ve tehlike hususlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Parlama noktas\u0131 54\u00b0c (129\u00b0f) olan yan\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k alev veya tutu\u015fturucu kaynaklarla temastan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Pentanol buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum sisteminde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Ciltle do\u011frudan temas, cildin tahri\u015f olmas\u0131na veya kurumas\u0131na neden olabilir. Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla yutulursa gastrointestinal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilir. Buharlara maruz kalmay\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in pentanol ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yeterli havaland\u0131rma sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in eldiven ve koruyucu g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pentanol ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken g\u00fcvenlik veri sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve uygun g\u00fcvenlik protokollerini takip etmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 (F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden\/s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 elektrik\/havaland\u0131rma\/ayd\u0131nlatma ekipman\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Buharlar\u0131 solumaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Koruyucu eldiven\/g\u00f6z korumas\u0131\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1105<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2905.16.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n S\u0131n\u0131f 3 (Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n GE II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Tahri\u015fe neden olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1-pentanol sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler pentanol sentezine izin verir.<\/p>\n

Yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntem, 1- b\u00fctenin bir rodyum kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda karbon monoksit ve hidrojen ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7eren 1<\/a> -b\u00fcten<\/a> hidroformilasyonudur. Bu i\u015flem, bir aldehit ara \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na ve ard\u0131ndan pentanol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in hidrojenasyona yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, sodyum borohidrit<\/a> gibi bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak bir aldehit bile\u015fi\u011fi olan pentanalin indirgenmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu indirgeme reaksiyonu pentanal’\u0131 pentanole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kimyac\u0131lar pentanol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bir alken olan 1-penteni hidratlayabilirler. Bu reaksiyon, 1-pentenin karbon-karbon \u00e7ift ba\u011f\u0131na su eklenmesini i\u00e7erir ve pentanol olu\u015fumuyla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ek olarak pentanol, bir karboksilik asit olan pentanoik asidin hidrojenlenmesiyle sentezlenebilir. Reaksiyon, karbon \u00fczerinde paladyum ve hidrojen gaz\u0131 gibi uygun bir kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve pentanoik asidin pentanole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bu sentez y\u00f6ntemleri, pentanol elde etmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yollar sunarak, mevcut hammaddelere ve istenen reaksiyon ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fcretim esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pentanol, \u00f6zellikleri ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle farkl\u0131 end\u00fcstrilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131mlara sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte dikkate de\u011fer uygulamalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n