{"id":932,"date":"2023-07-20T05:13:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T05:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/2-pentanol-c5h12o\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T05:13:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T05:13:02","slug":"2-pentanol-c5h12o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/2-pentanol-c5h12o\/","title":{"rendered":"2-pentanol \u2013 c5h12o, 6032-29-7"},"content":{"rendered":"

2-pentanol, C5H12O molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip organik bir bile\u015fiktir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak, ila\u00e7 ve parf\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n 2-pentanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C5H12O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 6032-29-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Amil alkol, kuru amil alkol, 2-pentil alkol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C5H12O\/c1-3-4-5(2)6\/h5-6H,3-4H2,1-2H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2-pentanol form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn form\u00fcl\u00fc C5H12O’dur. Bu organik bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcler bile\u015fimini temsil eder. Be\u015f karbon atomu, on iki hidrojen atomu ve bir oksijen atomundan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

2-Pentanol Molar K\u00fctle<\/h3>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi, onu olu\u015fturan elementlerin atomik k\u00fctleleri toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r. C5H12O form\u00fcl\u00fc ile molar k\u00fctlesi mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88,15 gramd\u0131r. Molar k\u00fctle, \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal hesaplamalar ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131, standart atmosferik bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Kaynama noktas\u0131 nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, yakla\u015f\u0131k 118 santigrat derece (244 derece Fahrenheit). Bu \u00f6zellik onu \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel i\u015flemlerde faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

2-Pentanol Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131, kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. Erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k -79 santigrat derecedir (-110 Fahrenheit derece). Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

2-pentanol g\/mL yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/h3>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu, birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlesinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu mililitre ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,81 gramd\u0131r (g\/mL). Bu \u00f6zellik bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve fiziksel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

2-Pentanol Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88,15 gramd\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00fctlesi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal hesaplamalara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"2-pentanol\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, ikinci karbona bir hidroksil grubunun (-OH) ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 be\u015f karbon atomundan olu\u015fan bir zincirden olu\u015fur. Bu birincil alkol yap\u0131s\u0131, bile\u015fi\u011fe benzersiz kimyasal \u00f6zellikler ve reaktivite kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

2-Pentil alkol, hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturma kabiliyeti nedeniyle suda orta derecede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck sergiler. Etanol ve aseton gibi polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ancak polar olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde karbon zinciri uzunlu\u011funun artmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0,812 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Karakteristik koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 88,15 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,812 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -79\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 118\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 34\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol ve aseton gibi polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 5,15 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 3,03 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 16.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2-Pentil alkol baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik ve tehlike hususlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir. Bu bile\u015fi\u011fi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir. Buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum sisteminde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Cilt veya g\u00f6zlerle do\u011frudan temas tahri\u015fe ve rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilir. 2-pentil alkolle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. Bu bile\u015fik yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve a\u00e7\u0131k alevlerden veya tutu\u015fturucu kaynaklardan uzak tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yutulmas\u0131 veya kazara maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda doktora ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. 2-pentil alkol\u00fcn iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda saklanmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve uygun g\u00fcvenlik protokollerinin takip edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Xn (zararl\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Teneff\u00fcs etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1105<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2905.16.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

2-pentanol sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fc sentezlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, hidroborasyon-oksidasyon reaksiyonudur. Bu y\u00f6ntemde, bir alken olan 1-penten boran ile hidroborasyona tabi tutularak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bor alkoksit olu\u015fturulur. Hidrojen peroksit<\/a> veya sodyum hipoklorit<\/a> kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan ilave oksidasyon, bor alkoksiti 2-pentil alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, 1-pentenin hidrasyonunu i\u00e7erir. Bu i\u015flemde 1-penten, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit<\/a> veya fosforik asit gibi asidik bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda suyla reaksiyona girer. Reaksiyon Markovnikov ilavesiyle devam eder ve 2-pentil alkol olu\u015fumuyla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2-pentil alkol\u00fc sentezlemek i\u00e7in bir aldehit olan pentanal, sodyum borohidrit<\/a> veya lityum al\u00fcminyum hidrit gibi indirgeyici maddeler kullan\u0131larak indirgenebilir. Reaksiyon pentanal’\u0131 2-pentil alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Grignard reaksiyonu 2-pentil alkol\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na izin verir. Metilmagnezyum brom\u00fcr gibi bir Grignard reaktifinin formaldehit<\/a> (veya t\u00fcrevleri) ile reaksiyonu, bir magnezyum alkoksit ara maddesi olu\u015fturur. Ara maddenin asitle i\u015flenmesi 2-pentil alkol\u00fc verir.<\/p>\n

Fermantasyon, 2-pentil alkol elde etmenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir. Maya gibi baz\u0131 mikroorganizmalar, bir dizi enzimatik reaksiyon yoluyla biyok\u00fctledeki \u015fekerleri 2-pentil alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu sentez y\u00f6ntemleri, 2-pentil alkol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar sunarak end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalar i\u00e7in esneklik sa\u011flar ve bu de\u011ferli bile\u015fi\u011fin s\u00fcrekli tedarikini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

2-pentanol\u00fcn kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2-Pentil alkol\u00fcn, ila\u00e7, kozmetik ve parf\u00fcm gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde solvent olarak bir\u00e7ok uygulamas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n