{"id":904,"date":"2023-07-20T10:06:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T10:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/asetaminofen-c8h9no2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T10:06:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T10:06:02","slug":"asetaminofen-c8h9no2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/asetaminofen-c8h9no2\/","title":{"rendered":"Asetaminofen \u2013 c8h9no2, 103-90-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Asetaminofen (C8H9NO2) yayg\u0131n bir a\u011fr\u0131 kesici ve ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. V\u00fccutta a\u011fr\u0131ya ve ate\u015fe neden olan baz\u0131 maddeleri bloke ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n N-(4-hidroksifenil)asetamid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C8H9NO2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 103-90-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n APAP, parasetamol, N-asetil-p-aminofenol, 4-asetamidofenol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C8H9NO2\/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7\/h2-5.11H,1H3,(H,9.10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Asetaminofenin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Asetaminofen Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Asetaminofenin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C8H9NO2’dir. Bir molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131n bile\u015fimini temsil eder ve asetaminofenin 8 karbon atomu, 9 hidrojen atomu, 1 nitrojen atomu ve 2 oksijen atomu i\u00e7erdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofen Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi 151,17 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molar k\u00fctle, bir maddenin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesini ifade eder ve molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofenin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

4-Asetamidofenol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 169 santigrat derecedir. Bu, 4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131 formunun standart atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofen Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 169-170 santigrat derecedir. Bu, 4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn kat\u0131 formunun s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofen Yo\u011funluk g\/mL<\/h3>\n

4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,26 g\/mL’dir. Yo\u011funluk, bir maddenin birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlesinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr ve molek\u00fcllerin belirli bir madde miktar\u0131nda ne kadar s\u0131k\u0131 paketlendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofen Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 151,17 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r ve mol ba\u015f\u0131na gram cinsinden ifade edilir. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Parasetamol<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Asetaminofenin Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

4-Asetamidofenol, bir hidroksil grubuna (-OH) sahip bir benzen halkas\u0131 ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 bir asetamid grubundan (-NHCOCH3) olu\u015fan bir molek\u00fcler yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Bu yap\u0131 4-asetamidofenole karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerini ve fonksiyonel gruplar\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

4-Asetamidofenol so\u011fuk suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak s\u0131cak suda daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Etanol ve metanol gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde kolayl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, bir maddenin belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta belirli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme yetene\u011fini ifade eder.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz kristal toz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1,04-1,05 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Beyaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 151,17 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1,26 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 169-170\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 169\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 151\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n So\u011fuk suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, s\u0131cak suda daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 0,0056 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 5.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 9.52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.5-6.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Asetaminofen G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

4-Asetamidofenol, belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle g\u00fcvenli kabul edilir. Ancak yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz risk olu\u015fturabilir. \u00d6nerilen doza uymak ve maksimum g\u00fcnl\u00fck limiti a\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u00f6nemlidir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda al\u0131nmas\u0131 karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131na neden olabilir. Alerjik reaksiyonlar nadir de olsa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc, ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015flik gibi semptomlara neden olabilir. Kas\u0131ts\u0131z doz a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 4-asetamidofenol i\u00e7eren di\u011fer ila\u00e7lardan haberdar olmak \u00f6nemlidir. Karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015filerde dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. 4-asetamidofenol kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin uygun tavsiye i\u00e7in bir sa\u011fl\u0131k uzman\u0131na dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z ve di\u011fer ila\u00e7larla olas\u0131 etkile\u015fimleri de\u011ferlendirmeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Hi\u00e7biri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Asetaminofen, belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle g\u00fcvenlidir, ancak yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz zararl\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6nerilen dozlara uyun ve maksimum g\u00fcnl\u00fck limiti a\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Gerekirse bir sa\u011fl\u0131k uzman\u0131na dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2924.29.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n Tehlikeli olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Asetaminofen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle karaci\u011ferde toksik olabilir. Alerjik reaksiyonlar nadirdir ancak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6nerilen dozlara uyun ve yan etkiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa doktora dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Asetaminofen Sentez Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

4-asetamidofenol\u00fcn sentezlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntem , fosforik asit<\/a> veya sodyum asetat<\/a> gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda p-aminofenol ile asetik anhidrit<\/a> aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyonu i\u00e7erir. P-aminofenol asetilasyonu olarak bilinen bu i\u015flem, 4-asetamidofenol ve asetik asit olu\u015fumuyla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir sentez yolunda, 4-nitrofenol, onu 4-aminofenole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in demir veya kalay gibi bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak indirgemeye tabi tutulur. Reaksiyon, elde edilen 4-aminofenol\u00fcn asetik anhidrit veya asetil klor\u00fcr kullan\u0131larak asetillenmesiyle devam eder ve 4-asetamidofenol \u00fcretimi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fenolden 4-asetamidofenol sentezlemek i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce fenol\u00fc amonyak<\/a> ve formaldehitle<\/a> reaksiyona sokarak p-aminofenole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilirsiniz. Daha sonra, 4-asetamidofenol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in asetik anhidrit<\/a> veya asetil klor\u00fcr<\/a> kullan\u0131larak p-aminofenol asetile edilir.<\/p>\n

Farmas\u00f6tik \u00fcretim, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte 4-asetamidofenol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bu sentez tekniklerini yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131r. Bu proseslerin, nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn optimum verimini ve safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k, zaman ve reaktanlar\u0131n oranlar\u0131 gibi reaksiyon ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesini gerektirdi\u011fini belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Asetaminofenin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

4-Asetamidofenol, \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131mlara sahip \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ila\u00e7t\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n uygulamalar:<\/p>\n