{"id":840,"date":"2023-07-20T21:33:03","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T21:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kloropren-c4h5cl\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T21:33:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T21:33:03","slug":"kloropren-c4h5cl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kloropren-c4h5cl\/","title":{"rendered":"Kloropren – c4h5cl, 126-99-8"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kloropren (C4H5Cl), wetsuits, contalar ve end\u00fcstriyel kaplamalarda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir malzeme olan neopren \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan sentetik bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n 2-klorob\u00fcta-1,3-dien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C4H5Cl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 126-99-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n 1-kloro-2,3-butadien, klorobutadien, 2-kloro-1,3-butadien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C4H5Cl\/c1-2-3-4-5\/h2-4H,1H2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Kloropren’in \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kloropren form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Kloropren form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H5Cl’dir. D\u00f6rt karbon atomu, be\u015f hidrojen atomu ve bir klor atomundan olu\u015fur. Bu kimyasal yap\u0131, kloropren’e benzersiz \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerdeki uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kloropren Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Klorob\u00fctadienin molar k\u00fctlesi, form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki her bir elementin atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. Klorob\u00fctadienin molar k\u00fctlesi mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88,53 gramd\u0131r (g\/mol). Bu de\u011fer, kimyasal reaksiyonlar i\u00e7in gerekli olan klorobutadien miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Kloropren kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Klorob\u00fctadien yakla\u015f\u0131k 59 santigrat derece (138 Fahrenheit) kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k, klorob\u00fctadienin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc noktay\u0131 temsil eder. Klorobutadienin gaz formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini gerektiren end\u00fcstriyel proseslerde kaynama noktas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Kloropren erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Klorob\u00fctadien yakla\u015f\u0131k -135 santigrat derece (-211 derece Fahrenheit) civar\u0131nda bir erime noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kat\u0131 klorob\u00fctadienin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi noktad\u0131r. Klorob\u00fctadienin eritilmesi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde \u015fekillendirilmesi gereken \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde erime noktas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Kloropren yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

Klorob\u00fctadien mililitre ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,16 gram (g\/mL) yo\u011funlu\u011fa sahiptir. Yo\u011funluk birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr ve bir maddenin kompaktl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flar. Klorob\u00fctadien yo\u011funlu\u011fu, belirli uygulamalar i\u00e7in gerekli olan klorob\u00fctadienin hacmini ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kloropren Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Klorob\u00fctadienin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 88.53 gramd\u0131r (g\/mol). Bir klorobutadien molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bile\u015fi\u011fin reaktivitesi ve di\u011fer maddelerle etkile\u015fimleri gibi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Kloropren\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Kloropren yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

Klorobutadien, bir zincir halinde birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt karbon atomundan, bir klor atomu ve ikinci karbon atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 iki \u00e7ift ba\u011fdan olu\u015fan bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Bu d\u00fczenleme, klorobutadiene \u0131s\u0131ya, kimyasallara ve hava ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k gibi karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerini verir.<\/p>\n

Kloropren \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Klorobutadien suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ancak aseton ve benzen gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00f6zellikleri onu kaplamalar, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar ve sentetik kau\u00e7uk \u00fcretimi dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar i\u00e7in uygun k\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak, farkl\u0131 solventler ve solvent bazl\u0131 i\u015flemlerle uyumlulu\u011funun belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Yumu\u015fak, karakteristik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 88,53 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1,16 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -135\u00b0C (-211\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 59\u00b0C (138\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -17\u00b0C (1\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 250 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 3,08 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n ~7.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Do\u011fal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Kloropren g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Klorobutadien dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r. Klorob\u00fctadien’in dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Klorobutadien ile do\u011frudan temas cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olabilir, bu nedenle eldiven ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Klorob\u00fctadien buhar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum sistemini tahri\u015f edebilir ve yeterli havaland\u0131rma gerektirebilir. Klorobutadien yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve havayla patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturabilir. Bu nedenle a\u00e7\u0131k alevlerden ve tutu\u015fturucu kaynaklardan uzakta saklanmal\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evresel kirlenmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in klorobutadien at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n uygun d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak bertaraf edilmesi de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131, Tahri\u015f Edici, Sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131. Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olur. Depozito ile i\u015flem yap\u0131n. Yeterli havaland\u0131rma ve ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131n. Ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzakta saklay\u0131n. At\u0131klar\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde bertaraf edin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n 1991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2902.41.0000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n S\u0131n\u0131f 3 (Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n GE II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Orta derecede toksik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Kloropren sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Petrol i\u015flemeden elde edilen renksiz bir gaz olan 1,3- b\u00fctadienin<\/a> klorlanmas\u0131, klorob\u00fctadien sentezlemenin birincil y\u00f6ntemidir. 20 ila 50 \u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu reaksiyon, b\u00fctadien<\/a> molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine klor atomlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini i\u00e7erir. Tipik olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar reaksiyonu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in demir veya al\u00fcminyum klor\u00fcr gibi kataliz\u00f6rler kullan\u0131rlar. Bu i\u015flemin sonucu klorob\u00fctadien olu\u015fumudur.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal kau\u00e7u\u011fun i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131 bir monomer olan izoprenin pirolizi, klorob\u00fctadien sentezlemenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu i\u015flem, al\u00fcminyum klor\u00fcr veya bor triflor\u00fcr gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izoprenin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara, tipik olarak 600\u00b0C’nin \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Is\u0131 ve kataliz\u00f6r, izopren molek\u00fcllerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olarak klorobutadien olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak, b\u00fctadien<\/a> klorlama, maliyet etkinli\u011fi ve verimlili\u011fi nedeniyle klorob\u00fctadien sentezlemek i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem olmaya devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, her iki y\u00f6ntem de, ilgili kimyasallar\u0131n tehlikeli do\u011fas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n

Kloropren kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Klorob\u00fctadien benzersiz \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 farkl\u0131 end\u00fcstrilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalara sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/p>\n