{"id":835,"date":"2023-07-20T22:27:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/butadien-c4h6\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T22:27:48","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:27:48","slug":"butadien-c4h6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/butadien-c4h6\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fctadien – c4h6, 106-99-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00fctadien (C4H6) \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kimyasal bile\u015fiktir. Esnekli\u011fi ve mukavemeti nedeniyle sentetik kau\u00e7uk, plastik ve di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n b\u00fcta-1,3-dien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C4H6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 106-99-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Divinil, bietilen, b\u00fcta-1,3-dien, vinil etilen, eritren<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C4H6\/c1-3-4-2\/h3-4H,1-2H2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

B\u00fctadienin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B\u00fctadien form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

B\u00fctadienin form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H6’d\u0131r. D\u00f6rt karbon atomu ve alt\u0131 hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fur. Bu molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl, b\u00fctadiendeki atomlar\u0131n dizili\u015fini temsil eder ve kimyasal bile\u015fimi hakk\u0131nda fikir verir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadien Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Buta-1,3-dienin molar k\u00fctlesi, onu olu\u015fturan elementlerin atomik k\u00fctleleri toplanarak hesaplanabilir. Karbonun molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 12,01 g\/mol ve hidrojenin molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,01 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu nedenle Buta-1,3-dienin molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 54,09 g\/mol’d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadienin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Buta-1,3-dien, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok bile\u015fi\u011fe k\u0131yasla nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k -4,4 santigrat derece veya 24,1 Fahrenheit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaynar. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 Buta-1,3-dienin gaz halindeki haline kolayca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadien Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Bir\u00e7ok organik bile\u015fi\u011fin aksine Buta-1,3-dien, olduk\u00e7a reaktif do\u011fas\u0131 ve polimerle\u015fme e\u011filimi nedeniyle belirgin bir erime noktas\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir. Bunun yerine oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda renksiz bir gaz halinde bulunur.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadienin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

Buta-1,3-dienin yo\u011funlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,63 g\/mL’dir. Bu de\u011fer Buta-1,3-dienin yo\u011funlu\u011funun 1 g\/mL olan sudan daha az oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Buta-1,3-dienin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funlu\u011fu, kald\u0131rma kuvvetine ve kolayca buhar olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fine katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadien Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Buta-1,3-dienin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 54,09 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan karbon ve hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n atomik k\u00fctleleri dikkate al\u0131narak, bir Buta-1,3-dien molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama k\u00fctlesini temsil eder.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadienin yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"B\u00fctadien\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Buta-1,3-dienin yap\u0131s\u0131, alternatif tek ve \u00e7ift ba\u011flarla birbirine ba\u011flanan d\u00f6rt karbon atomundan olu\u015fan bir zincirden olu\u015fur. Her karbon atomu ayn\u0131 zamanda iki hidrojen atomuna da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu do\u011frusal yap\u0131 Buta-1,3-diene karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerini ve reaktivitesini verir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadienin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

1,3-b\u00fctadien suda \u00e7ok az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ancak benzen ve toluen gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde kolayl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Sudaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Buta-1,3-dien ve su molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki polarite fark\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz gaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0,62 \u2013 0,63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Hafif ve aromatik koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 54,09 g\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,62 \u2013 0,63 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -138,4\u00b0C (-217,1\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -4,4\u00b0C (24,1\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -76\u00b0C (-105\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr (\u00f6rn. benzen, toluen)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 448 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 1,9 (Hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n ~43 (tahmini)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Do\u011fal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

B\u00fctadienin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1,3-Butadien baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r ve kullan\u0131l\u0131rken dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve hava ile patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturabilir. Bu nedenle yeterli havaland\u0131rma ve yang\u0131n \u00f6nleme tedbirleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Buta-1,3-diene uzun s\u00fcre maruz kalmak g\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve solunum sisteminde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda potansiyel bir kanserojen olarak kabul edilir ve maruz kalman\u0131n en aza indirilmesi gerekir. Buta-1,3-dien ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve solunum cihaz\u0131 gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fclmeler derhal kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve temizlenmelidir. Buta-1,3-dienin g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesini ve depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenleyici kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flananlar gibi g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131na uymak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 (F), Zararl\u0131 (Xn), Kanserojen (C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden uzak tutun. \u0130yi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlarda kullan\u0131n. Uzun s\u00fcreli maruziyetten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Eldiven ve koruyucu giysilerle tutun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2903.14.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 2.1 \u2013 Yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n GE II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Potansiyel kanserojen olarak kabul edilir ve solunum ve cilt tahri\u015fine neden olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

B\u00fctadien sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Buta-1,3-dieni sentezlemek i\u00e7in her birinin kendi avantajlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 olan \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntem, nafta veya do\u011fal gaz s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 gibi hidrokarbonlar\u0131n buharla par\u00e7alanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu proseste proses, hidrokarbon beslemesini buhar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara, genellikle yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 ila 900\u00b0C’ye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r. Bu, karbon-karbon ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kopmas\u0131na ve Buta-1,3-dien olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, b\u00fcten<\/a> veya b\u00fctanlar\u0131n katalitik dehidrojenasyonunu i\u00e7erir. Metal oksitler veya destekli metaller gibi spesifik kataliz\u00f6rler kullan\u0131larak reaksiyon, hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 malzemesinden se\u00e7ici olarak uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve Buta-1,3-dien \u00fcretimiyle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asetilenin<\/a> katalitik dimerizasyonu da Buta-1,3-dien verir. Bu i\u015flem, genellikle bak\u0131r gibi bir metal kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iki asetilen molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Buta-1,3-dien olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcmina veya zeolitler gibi kataliz\u00f6rler, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda etanol\u00fcn<\/a> dehidrasyonunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 aktif olarak Buta-1,3-dieni olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Ek olarak baz\u0131 tesisler, nafta veya gaz ya\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alama i\u015flemi yoluyla etilen<\/a> \u00fcretiminin bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak b\u00fcta-1,3-dien \u00fcretir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, Buta-1,3-dien de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir olefin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in k\u0131rma reaksiyonlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sentez y\u00f6ntemleri Buta-1,3-dienin \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamakta ve kau\u00e7uk, plastik ve sentetik elyaf \u00fcretimi gibi end\u00fcstrilerde bu \u00f6nemli kimyasal\u0131n talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. .<\/p>\n

B\u00fctadienin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B\u00fcta-1,3-dien, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde uygulama alan\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. Buta-1,3-dienin baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n