{"id":832,"date":"2023-07-20T23:03:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T23:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/alil-klorur-c3h5cl\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T23:03:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T23:03:41","slug":"alil-klorur-c3h5cl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/alil-klorur-c3h5cl\/","title":{"rendered":"Alil klor\u00fcr \u2013 c3h5cl, 107-05-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alil klor\u00fcr, keskin bir kokuya sahip, berrak, yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli organik bile\u015fiklerin \u00fcretiminde ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Solunmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde insanlara zararl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC’\u0131n ad\u0131<\/td>\n 3-kloroprop-1-en<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C3H5Cl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 107-05-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n 2-propenil klor\u00fcr, 3-kloropropen, kloropropen, alil klor\u00fcr, 3-kloro-1-propen, 1-kloro-2-propen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C3H5Cl\/c1-2-3-4\/h2H,1.3H2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Alil Klor\u00fcr Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H5Cl’dir. Keskin bir kokuya sahip, berrak, renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, ikinci karbon atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir klor atomuna sahip bir propen molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden olu\u015fur. Epoksitler, allilaminler ve alil alkoller gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli organik bile\u015fiklerin \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Alil Klor\u00fcr Molar K\u00fctle<\/h3>\n

3-kloropropenin molar k\u00fctlesi 76,53 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, s\u0131ras\u0131yla 12,01 g\/mol, 1,01 g\/mol ve 35,45 g\/mol olan karbon, hidrojen ve klorun atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 eklenerek hesaplan\u0131r. Molar k\u00fctle, kimyasal bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc belirli bir k\u00fctledeki madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

3-kloropropenin kaynama noktas\u0131 46,05\u00b0C’dir (114,9\u00b0F). Bu, di\u011fer organik bile\u015fiklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve 3-kloropropeni u\u00e7ucu bir madde haline getirir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda 3-kloropropeni end\u00fcstriyel i\u015flemlerde faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kolayca buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Alil Klor\u00fcr\u00fcn Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

3-kloropropenin erime noktas\u0131 -136\u00b0C’dir (-213\u00b0F). Bu \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r ve 3-kloropropenin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulundu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bununla birlikte, 3-kloropropen \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klara so\u011futuldu\u011funda beyaz kristalli bir forma kat\u0131la\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

3-kloropropenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,950 g\/mL’dir. Bu, 3-kloropropenin, yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1 g\/mL olan sudan daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. 3-kloropropenin y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu, onu su gibi di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu maddelerden ay\u0131rmada faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

3-kloropropenin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 76,53 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir bile\u015fi\u011fin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Alil<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

3-kloropropenin yap\u0131s\u0131, ikinci karbon atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir klor atomuna sahip bir propen molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden olu\u015fur. Bu, organik kimyada fonksiyonel bir grup olan bir vinil grubu olu\u015fturur. Vinil grubu, 3-kloropropenin \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal reaksiyonlardaki reaktivitesinden sorumludur.<\/p>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

3-Kloropropen, eter ve benzen gibi bir\u00e7ok organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. 3-kloropropenin farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7indeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc polar yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. 3-kloropropenin polaritesi, karbon-hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 ile karbon-klor ba\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki elektronegatiflik fark\u0131yla belirlenir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Berrak, renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,950 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n D\u00f6n\u00fcm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 76,53 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,950 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -136\u00b0C (-213\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 46,05\u00b0C (114,9\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -13\u00b0C (9\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n < 1 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 21,5 kPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2,64 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 9.18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz (pH yaln\u0131zca sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlan\u0131r)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Alil Klor\u00fcr\u00fcn G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3-Kloropropen olduk\u00e7a toksik ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir maddedir. Temas halinde ciddi cilt yan\u0131klar\u0131na ve g\u00f6z hasar\u0131na neden olabilir ve solunmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131 olabilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda son derece yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve baz\u0131 bile\u015fiklerle \u015fiddetli reaksiyona girebilir. 3-kloropropen ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken koruyucu k\u0131yafet, eldiven ve g\u00f6z korumas\u0131 dahil uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Serin, kuru ve iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir yerde, \u0131s\u0131 ve tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzakta saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. 3-kloropropenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kazalar\u0131 ve yaralanmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun g\u00fcvenlik protokollerinin takip edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n T, C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Son derece yan\u0131c\u0131, toksik ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ciddi cilt yan\u0131klar\u0131na ve g\u00f6z hasar\u0131na neden olur. Solunmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2903.39.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n S\u0131n\u0131f 3 (Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar), S\u0131n\u0131f 6.1 (Zehirli maddeler), S\u0131n\u0131f 8 (A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n LD50 = 250 mg\/kg (oral, s\u0131\u00e7an); LC50 = 1220 ppm (soluma, s\u0131\u00e7an, 4 saat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Alil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3-kloropropeni sentezlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerden biri, bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda alil alkole hidrojen klor\u00fcr<\/a> gaz\u0131 eklemektir. Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, 3-kloropropeni olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in propilenin<\/a> bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda klor gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

3-kloropropeni haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in alil alkol, tiyonil klor\u00fcr veya fosfor triklor\u00fcr ile reaksiyona sokulabilir. Bu reaksiyon, alkol\u00fcn bir n\u00fckleofilik ikame reaksiyonu yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen klor\u00fcre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

3-kloropropeni haz\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntemi, alil brom\u00fcr\u00fcn bak\u0131r tozu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sodyum klor\u00fcrle<\/a> reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Kimyac\u0131lar alil bromide haz\u0131r eri\u015fime sahip olduklar\u0131nda ancak 3-kloropropene sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

3-kloropropeni sentezlemenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, alil alkol\u00fcn \u00e7inko klor\u00fcr gibi bir dehidrasyon maddesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojen klor\u00fcr<\/a> gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Kimyac\u0131lar s\u0131kl\u0131kla bu y\u00f6ntemi y\u00fcksek verim ve safl\u0131kta 3-kloropropeni haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Alil Klor\u00fcr\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3-Kloropropenin benzersiz \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n