{"id":819,"date":"2023-07-21T01:10:57","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T01:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/baryum-nitrat-bano32\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T01:10:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T01:10:57","slug":"baryum-nitrat-bano32","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/baryum-nitrat-bano32\/","title":{"rendered":"Baryum nitrat \u2013 ba(no3)2, 10022-31-8"},"content":{"rendered":"

Baryum nitrat (Ba(NO3)2) beyaz bir kat\u0131d\u0131r. Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ve baryum ve nitrat iyonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya yak\u0131tlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda patlayabilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC’\u0131n ad\u0131<\/td>\n Baryum dinitrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n Ba(NO3)2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 10022-31-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Baryum nitrat, Baryumdinitrat, Baryum dinitrat, CQ9625000, (nitrooksi)bariyo nitrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/Ba.2NO3\/c;2 2-1(3)4\/q+2;2<\/em> -1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Baryum Nitrat Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fc Ba(NO3)2’dir. Bir baryum nitrat molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn bir baryum atomu ve iki nitrat molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Nitrat iyonunun y\u00fck\u00fc -1 ve baryum iyonunun y\u00fck\u00fc +2’dir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla n\u00f6tr bir bile\u015fik olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere 1:2 oran\u0131nda birle\u015firler.<\/p>\n

Baryum Nitrat Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin molar k\u00fctlesi 261.337 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir mol Ba(NO3)2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir. Bunu hesaplamak i\u00e7in form\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom k\u00fctlelerini eklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin molar k\u00fctlesi = (1 x 137,327) + (2 x 14,007) + (6 x 15,999) = 261,337 g\/mol<\/p>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 83\u00b0C’dir. Ba(NO3)2’nin s\u0131v\u0131 halden gaz haline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak Ba(NO3)2 kaynama noktas\u0131na ula\u015famadan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka maddelere par\u00e7alanmadan kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Baryum nitrat Erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin erime noktas\u0131 592\u00b0C’dir. Ba(NO3)2’nin kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Ba(NO3)2, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta beyaz kristalli bir kat\u0131d\u0131r, ancak erime noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda erir.<\/p>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3,23 g\/ml’dir. Bu, Ba(NO3)2’nin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlesidir. Bunu hesaplamak i\u00e7in Ba(NO3)2 \u00f6rne\u011finin k\u00fctlesini hacmine b\u00f6lmeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu = K\u00fctle \/ Hacim<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 10 g Ba(NO3)2 numunemiz varsa ve hacmi 3,1 ml ise yo\u011funlu\u011fu:<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu = 10 \/ 3,1 = 3,23 g\/ml<\/p>\n

Baryum Nitrat Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 261.337 g\/mol olan molar k\u00fctlesiyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bir mol Ba(NO3)2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir. Bazen molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k terimi molar k\u00fctle ile birbirinin yerine kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak bunlar tam olarak ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir maddenin bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama k\u00fctlesini belirtirken, molar k\u00fctle, bir maddenin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesini belirtir.<\/p>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"baryum<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin yap\u0131s\u0131 atomlar\u0131n ve iyonlar\u0131n uzayda nas\u0131l dizildiklerini g\u00f6sterir. Ba(NO3)2 iyonik bir bile\u015fiktir, yani elektrostatik kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan bir arada tutulan pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc baryum iyonlar\u0131ndan ve negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc nitrat iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Ba(NO3)2’nin yap\u0131s\u0131, bir kristal kafes i\u00e7indeki iyonlar\u0131n d\u00fczenini g\u00f6steren en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekrar eden birim olan bir birim h\u00fccre ile temsil edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2 birim h\u00fccresi k\u00fcbik bir \u015fekle sahiptir; her k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir baryum iyonu ve her y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezinde bir nitrat iyonu bulunur. Her iyonun koordinasyon say\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131d\u0131r; bu, her iyonun alt\u0131 z\u0131t y\u00fckl\u00fc iyonla \u00e7evrelendi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Birim h\u00fccrenin her bir kenar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 0,65 nm’dir.<\/p>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Ba(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, belirli bir miktarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, genellikle su i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen Ba(NO3)2 miktar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki di\u011fer maddelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

20\u00b0C’de ve atmosferik bas\u0131n\u00e7ta Ba(NO3)2’nin sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 100 ml ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 34 g’d\u0131r. Bu, bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 34 g Ba(NO3)2’nin 100 ml suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a artar, bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2 ayr\u0131ca etanol, aseton ve metanol gibi di\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak suya g\u00f6re daha az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz kat\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 3.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f veya gri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 261.337 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 3.23g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 592\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 83\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 100 ml ba\u015f\u0131na 34 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, aseton ve metanolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr; eter ve kloroformda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n \u0130hmal edilebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n M\u00fcsait de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ba(NO3)2 toksik ve oksitleyici bir maddedir. Yutman\u0131z veya soluman\u0131z halinde size zarar verebilir. Bu g\u00f6zleri, cildi ve solunum sistemini tahri\u015f edebilir. Ba(NO3)2 ayr\u0131ca kas spazmlar\u0131na, kalp sorunlar\u0131na ve \u00f6l\u00fcme de neden olabilir. Ba(NO3)2 ile temastan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131 ve kullan\u0131rken koruyucu ekipman kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131dan, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan, alevden ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden uzak tutmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Ba(NO3)2’ye maruz kal\u0131rsan\u0131z g\u00f6zlerinizi ve cildinizi suyla y\u0131kay\u0131p t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Baryum toksisitesini azaltmak i\u00e7in s\u00fclfat tuzlar\u0131 da alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n O (oksidan), Xn (zararl\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n S13: Hayvanlara y\u00f6nelik olanlar dahil yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerden uzak tutun. S17: Yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden uzak tutun. S22: Tozu solumay\u0131n. S26: G\u00f6z ile temas\u0131 halinde derhal bol su ile y\u0131kay\u0131n ve doktora ba\u015fvurun. S36\/37\/39: Uygun koruyucu k\u0131yafet, eldiven ve g\u00f6z\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1446<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2834 29 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 5.1 (Oksitleyici malzemeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n LD50 (oral, s\u0131\u00e7an) = 355 mg\/kg; LC50 (soluma, s\u0131\u00e7an) = 0,15 mg\/L\/4 saat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Baryum nitrat\u0131n sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Beyaz kat\u0131 bir madde olan Ba(NO3)2’yi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Bir y\u00f6ntem, baryum karbonat\u0131n nitrik asitle<\/a> reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu Ba(NO3)2 ve karbondioksit \u00fcretir. Ba(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini filtreleyerek demir yabanc\u0131 maddelerini giderin, ard\u0131ndan kat\u0131 kristaller elde etmek i\u00e7in buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir y\u00f6ntem ise baryum s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fcn nitrik asitle<\/a> reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu Ba(NO3)2 ve hidrojen s\u00fclfit \u00fcretir. Ba(NO3)2 \u00e7\u00f6zeltisini safla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve kristalle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceki i\u015flemin ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izliyoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntem, baryum metalinin veya baryum oksidin nitrik asit<\/a> i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu Ba(NO3)2 ve hidrojen veya su \u00fcretir. Ba(NO3)2 i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zelti daha sonra konsantre edilir ve kristalle\u015fmeye tabi tutulur.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00f6ntem ise erimi\u015f tuz sentezinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Ba(NO3)2 ile amonyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum bikarbonat veya sodyum nitrit gibi inorganik bir vesikant kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Vezikant par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve Ba(NO3)2 kristallerinde g\u00f6zenekler olu\u015fturur. Bu onlar\u0131 piroteknik oksitleyiciler olarak daha g\u00fcvenilir k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ba(NO3)2 sentezleme y\u00f6ntemlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r. Hepsi ortak reaktan olarak nitrik asit<\/a> kullan\u0131r ve \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak Ba(NO3)2 \u00fcretirler.<\/p>\n

Baryum Nitrat Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ba(NO3)2’nin baz\u0131 kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n