{"id":813,"date":"2023-07-21T02:01:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T02:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/amonyum-nitrat-nh4no3\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T02:01:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T02:01:29","slug":"amonyum-nitrat-nh4no3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/amonyum-nitrat-nh4no3\/","title":{"rendered":"Amonyum nitrat \u2013 nh4no3, 6484-52-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amonyum nitrat (NH4NO3) kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. G\u00fcbre veya patlay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Suda olduk\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ve higroskopiktir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC’\u0131n ad\u0131<\/td>\n Amonyum nitrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n NH4NO3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 6484-52-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Nitrik asidin amonyum tuzu, Amonyum nitrat (AN), Amonyum nitrat, Nitram, Nitramon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/NO3.H3N\/c2-1(3)4;\/h;1H3\/q-1;\/p+1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Amonyum Nitrat Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Amonyum nitrat, NH4NO3 form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. \u0130yonik bir<\/sup><\/strong> ba\u011fla bir arada tutulan iki iyondan olu\u015fur: amonyum (NH4+) ve nitrat (NO3-). Suda kolayca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen beyaz kristal bir tozdur.<\/p>\n

Amonyum Nitrat Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi 80.043 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bile\u015fen elementlerinin molar k\u00fctleleri eklenerek hesaplanabilir: nitrojen, hidrojen ve oksijen. Azotun molar k\u00fctlesi 14.0067 g\/mol, hidrojenin molar k\u00fctlesi 1.00784 g\/mol ve oksijenin molar k\u00fctlesi 15.9999 g\/mol’d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi = 2 x nitrojenin molar k\u00fctlesi + 4 x hidrojenin molar k\u00fctlesi + 3 x oksijenin molar k\u00fctlesi<\/p>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi = 28,0134 g\/mol + 4,03136 g\/mol + 47,9997 g\/mol<\/p>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi = 80,043 g\/mol<\/p>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir kaynama noktas\u0131 yoktur. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve nitrojen, oksijen ve su buhar\u0131 gibi gazlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. NH4NO3’\u00fcn ayr\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 safl\u0131\u011fa, neme ve yabanc\u0131 maddelerin veya katk\u0131 maddelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Saf NH4NO3’\u00fcn ayr\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 210\u00b0C veya 483 K’dir.<\/p>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 169,6 \u00b0C veya 442,8 K’dir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta e\u015fkenar d\u00f6rtgen kristal yap\u0131dan k\u00fcbik kristal yap\u0131ya faz ge\u00e7i\u015fine u\u011frar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda -16 \u00b0C veya 257 K civar\u0131nda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir erime noktas\u0131na sahip olan su ile \u00f6tektik bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m da olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bas\u0131nc\u0131nda 1,725 g\/ml veya 1725 kg\/m3’t\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yo\u011funlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 g\/ml veya 1000 kg\/m3 olan sudan daha yo\u011fundur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a termal genle\u015fmeden dolay\u0131 NH4NO3’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amonyum Nitrat Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 80.043 g\/mol olan molar k\u00fctlesiyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir mol\u00fcn veya 6,022 x 10^(23) NH4NO3 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir karbon-12 atomunun k\u00fctlesinin on ikide biri olarak tan\u0131mlanan atomik k\u00fctle birimleri (amu) cinsinden de ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn amu cinsinden molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 80,043 x (1\/12) x (10^(23)) amu’dur.<\/p>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn amu cinsinden molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,669 x 10^(23) amu’dur.<\/p>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Amonyum<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

NH4NO3, pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc amonyum iyonlar\u0131 ve negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc nitrat iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan basit bir iyonik yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Amonyum iyonu, d\u00f6rt hidrojen atomunun merkezi bir nitrojen atomuna kovalent ba\u011flarla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tetrahedral bir \u015fekle sahiptir.<\/p>\n

NH4+<\/p>\n

H<\/p>\n

|<\/p>\n

HNH<\/p>\n

|<\/p>\n

H<\/p>\n

Nitrat iyonu, biri \u00e7ift ba\u011f olan kovalent ba\u011flarla merkezi bir nitrojen atomuna ba\u011flanan \u00fc\u00e7 oksijen atomundan olu\u015fan, \u00fc\u00e7gen d\u00fczlemsel bir \u015fekle sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Numara 3-<\/p>\n

Ah<\/p>\n

||<\/p>\n

Ah<\/p>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu bile\u015fi\u011fin su veya di\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen miktar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. NH4NO3 suda \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kla artar. \u00d6rne\u011fin 20\u00b0C’de 100 ml suda 150 g NH4NO3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilirken, 100\u00b0C’de ayn\u0131 miktarda suda 1024 g NH4NO3 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir. NH4NO3 ayr\u0131ca metanol, etanol ve asetonda da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, ancak dietil eter veya kloroformda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. NH4NO3’\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc asitler, bazlar, tuzlar veya organik bile\u015fikler gibi di\u011fer maddelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu maddelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 NH4NO3’\u00fcn stabilitesini etkileyebilir ve ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na veya patlamas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz kristal kat\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1.725<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Beyaz veya gri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 80.043 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1,725 g\/ml veya 1725 kg\/m3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 169,6\u00b0C veya 442,8K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak. 210\u00b0C veya 483 K (ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Endotermik, 118g\/100ml (0\u00b0C), 150g\/100ml (20\u00b0C), 297g\/100ml (40\u00b0C), 410g\/100ml (60\u00b0C), 576g\/100ml (80\u00b0C), 1024g\/100ml (100\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda, metanolde, etanolde, asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr; dietil eter, kloroformda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ihmal edilebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz (kat\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 9,25 (NH4+ i\u00e7in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 5,0-6,0 (%10 sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Amonyum nitrat\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

NH4NO3’\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri, bu kimyasal bile\u015fi\u011fi kullanan veya saklayan herkesin bilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. NH4NO3, yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya \u0131s\u0131ya, \u015foka veya kirlenmeye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yang\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rabilen ve patlamalara neden olabilen bir oksitleyicidir. NH4NO3 ayr\u0131ca par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nitrojen oksitler ve amonyak gibi zehirli gazlar da a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Bu nedenle insanlar NH4NO3’\u00fc kullan\u0131rken \u015fu g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine uymal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n