{"id":802,"date":"2023-07-21T03:37:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T03:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/heptan-c7h16\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T03:37:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T03:37:15","slug":"heptan-c7h16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/heptan-c7h16\/","title":{"rendered":"Heptan – c7h16, 142-82-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Heptan, genellikle solvent olarak kullan\u0131lan renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. C7H16 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahiptir ve benzinde bulunur. Heptan\u0131n yedi karbon atomu ve 16 hidrojen atomu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Heptan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C7H16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 142-82-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n n-heptan, dipropilmetan, heptil hidrit vb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C7H16\/c1-3-5-7-6-4-2\/h3-7H2.1-2H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Heptan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Heptan form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Heptan\u0131n kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C7H16’d\u0131r. D\u00fcz bir zincir halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yedi karbon atomu ve 16 hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fur. Heptan\u0131n d\u00fcz zincirli yap\u0131s\u0131 onu alkan hidrokarbon ailesinin \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcyesi yapar.<\/p>\n

Heptan\u0131n Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi 100,20 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, tek bir C7H16 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunan t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin toplanmas\u0131yla hesaplan\u0131r. C7H16’n\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi stokiyometri, termodinamik ve kinetik dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kimyasal hesaplamada \u00f6nemli bir parametredir.<\/p>\n

Heptan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 98,42\u00b0C’dir (209,16\u00b0F). Bu nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, onu laboratuvar ve benzin \u00fcretimi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc haline getirir. C7H16’n\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131, molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerin g\u00fcc\u00fc ve bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerden etkilenir.<\/p>\n

Heptan Erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n erime noktas\u0131 -91\u00b0C’dir (-132\u00b0F). Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, C7H16’n\u0131n oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7ok u\u00e7ucu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. C7H16’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, molek\u00fclleri aras\u0131ndaki zay\u0131f Van der Waals kuvvetlerinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Heptan Yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20\u00b0C’de (68\u00b0F) 0,684 g\/mL’dir. C7H16’n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, belirli bir hacimde mevcut olan k\u00fctle miktar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve numune safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlerden etkilenir.<\/p>\n

Heptan\u0131n Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 100,20 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, tek bir C7H16 molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunan t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin toplanmas\u0131yla hesaplan\u0131r. C7H16’n\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kimyasal reaksiyonda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir parametredir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc reaksiyon kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunan reaktanlar\u0131n ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Heptan\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Heptan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

C7H16, do\u011frusal bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yedi karbon atomu ve 16 hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fan d\u00fcz zincirli bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Bu yap\u0131, bir hidrokarbon ailesi olan alkanlar\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. C7H16’n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 kaynama noktas\u0131, erime noktas\u0131 ve reaktivite dahil olmak \u00fczere fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini etkiler.<\/p>\n

Heptan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

C7H16 polar olmayan bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr ve su gibi polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte C7H16, heksan, benzen ve toluen gibi polar olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde olduk\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni benzerlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesidir: Polar olmayan molek\u00fcller polar olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme e\u011filimindeyken, polar molek\u00fcller polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25\u00b0C’de spesifik yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,684 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Benzin kokusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 100,20 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25\u00b0C’de yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,684 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -91\u00b0C (-132\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 98,42\u00b0C (209,16\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -4\u00b0C (25\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25\u00b0C’de suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 0.004g\/100ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Di\u011fer solventlerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Polar olmayan solventlerde (heksan, toluen, benzen) \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20\u00b0C’de buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25,31 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20\u00b0C’de buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 3,46 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 50 (tahmini)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Heptan G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C7H16, \u00f6zellikle son derece yan\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r. Is\u0131ya veya aleve maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kolayl\u0131kla alev alabilir ve yan\u0131c\u0131 buharlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. C7H16 buharlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6zleri, cildi ve solunum sistemini tahri\u015f ederek \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe, h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131ya ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olabilir. Ek olarak, C7H16 yutulmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131 olabilir; bulant\u0131, kusma ve kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu nedenle C7H16 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda iyi havaland\u0131rman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan ve a\u00e7\u0131k alevden uzak tutulmas\u0131 gibi uygun \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Potansiyel riskleri en aza indirmek i\u00e7in uygun C7H16 depolama, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve imha protokollerinin takip edilmesi de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n F, Xi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Son derece yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 ve buhar. Cilt tahri\u015fine neden olur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2902.41.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3 (Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131 olabilir ve cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Heptan sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C7H16’y\u0131 sentezlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r, ancak ana y\u00f6ntem, petrol\u00fcn veya ham petrol\u00fcn fraksiyonel dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, hidrokarbonlar\u0131 kaynama noktalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ay\u0131r\u0131r ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n 90 ila 100\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kaynayan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla C7H16 elde edilir.<\/p>\n

C7H16’y\u0131 sentezlemenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda bir paladyum kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak hekzen veya di\u011fer olefinlerin katalitik olarak hidrojenlenmesini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Fischer-Tropsch s\u00fcrecini kullanarak, karbon monoksit ve hidrojen gaz\u0131n\u0131 bir demir veya kobalt kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerinde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda reaksiyona sokarak C7H16 sentezlenebilir. Bu i\u015flem, fraksiyonel dam\u0131tma ile ayr\u0131labilen, C7H16 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir hidrokarbon kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

C7H16’y\u0131 sentezlemek i\u00e7in, metilsikloheksan\u0131 dehidrosiklize etmek amac\u0131yla y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda bir platin kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131labilir. Ek olarak, nafta veya di\u011fer petrol fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla elde edilen daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hidrokarbonlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi C7H16’y\u0131 \u00fcretebilir.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak, C7H16’n\u0131n sentezi, esas olarak ham madde olarak petrol veya ham petrol kullanan \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7erir ve dam\u0131tma, hidrojenasyon ve dehidrosiklizasyon gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Heptan\u0131n Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C7H16’n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve ticari uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n