{"id":797,"date":"2023-07-21T04:34:45","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T04:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/tetrakloroetilen-c2cl4\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T04:34:45","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T04:34:45","slug":"tetrakloroetilen-c2cl4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/tetrakloroetilen-c2cl4\/","title":{"rendered":"Tetrakloretilen \u2013 c2cl4, 127-18-4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tetrakloretilen (C2Cl4), kuru temizlemede yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n tetrakloroeten<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C2Cl4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 127-18-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Perkloroetilen, PCE, tetrakloroeten, karbon tetraklor\u00fcr dimer, 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroetilen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C2Cl4\/c3-1(4)2(5)6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tetrakloretilen Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Perkloretilen veya PCE olarak da bilinen tetrakloretilen, C2Cl4 kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahiptir. Bu, her tetrakloroetilen molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn iki karbon atomu ve d\u00f6rt klor atomundan olu\u015ftu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Form\u00fcl \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tetrakloroetilenin molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloretilen Molar k\u00fctle<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi 165,83 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, 6,022 x 10^23 molek\u00fcle e\u015fit olan bir mol C2Cl4’\u00fcn 165,83 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Molar k\u00fctle kimyasal hesaplamalarda \u00f6nemlidir ve belirli bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in ne kadar C2Cl4’\u00fcn gerekli oldu\u011funu belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 121,1\u00b0C’dir (250\u00b0F). Bu, 121,1\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta C2Cl4’\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Kaynama noktas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelliktir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc C2Cl4’\u00fcn farkl\u0131 ortamlarda nas\u0131l davranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloretilen Erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 -22,94\u00b0C’dir (-9,31\u00b0F). Bu, -22,94\u00b0C’nin alt\u0131ndaki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta C2Cl4’\u00fcn kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Erime noktas\u0131, C2Cl4’\u00fcn farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki fiziksel durumunun belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloretilen Yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1,62 g\/mL’dir. Bu, C2Cl4’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1 g\/mL olan sudan daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Yo\u011funluk, C2Cl4’\u00fcn fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini ve farkl\u0131 ortamlarda nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloretilen Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 165,83 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, bir C2Cl4 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 165,83 atomik k\u00fctle birimi oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyasal hesaplamalarda \u00f6nemlidir ve belirli bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken C2Cl4 miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Tetrakloretilen\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 tetrahedral \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f iki karbon atomu ve d\u00f6rt klor atomundan olu\u015fur. Karbon atomlar\u0131 bir \u00e7ift ba\u011fla ba\u011flan\u0131rken, her klor atomu karbon atomlar\u0131ndan birine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Yap\u0131, C2Cl4’\u00fcn kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

C2Cl4 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez ancak alkol ve eter gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu, C2Cl4’\u00fcn suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyece\u011fi ancak di\u011fer maddelerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, C2Cl4’\u00fcn end\u00fcstriyel ortamlar veya laboratuvar gibi farkl\u0131 ortamlardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 1,62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Tatl\u0131 ve eterik koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 165,83 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 1,62 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -22,94\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 121,1\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 55\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 0,015 g\/100 mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Alkol ve eterde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 10 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 5.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz (saf madde)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C2Cl4 solunmas\u0131, yutulmas\u0131 veya cilt veya g\u00f6zlerle temas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131 olabilir. Bu ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesine, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na, kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve solunum yolu tahri\u015fine neden olabilir. Uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma karaci\u011fer ve b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir ve baz\u0131 kanser riskini art\u0131rabilir. C2Cl4’\u00fc dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak ve onunla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken uygun koruyucu ekipman kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir. Madde iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir alanda saklanmal\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 veya tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzak tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fclenler derhal temizlenmeli ve yerel d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak uygun \u015fekilde bertaraf edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Kafatas\u0131 ve Kemiklerin, Alev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Olduk\u00e7a yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r, Solunmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde toksiktir, Kansere neden olabilir, Organ hasar\u0131na neden olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u0130R K\u0130ML\u0130K<\/td>\n 1897<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 290323<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 6.1 (Zehirli maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Tetrakloretilen, Uluslararas\u0131 Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ajans\u0131 (IARC) taraf\u0131ndan Grup 2A kanserojen (muhtemelen insanlar i\u00e7in kanserojen) ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan Kategori 2 \u00fcreme toksini olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fc sentezlemek i\u00e7in etilenin<\/a> do\u011frudan klorlanmas\u0131, etilen diklor\u00fcr\u00fcn klorlanmas\u0131 veya karbon tetraklor\u00fcr\u00fcn klorlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Etilen<\/a> gaz\u0131, do\u011frudan klorlama y\u00f6ntemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir reakt\u00f6rde klor<\/a> gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyona girerek C2Cl4 olu\u015fturur. Bu y\u00f6ntem y\u00fcksek verimde C2Cl4 \u00fcretebilir ancak istenmeyen yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in reaksiyon ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci y\u00f6ntem, vinil klor\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan etilen diklor\u00fcr\u00fcn klorlanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu y\u00f6ntem ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek verimde C2Cl4 \u00fcretir ancak heksaklorobutadien gibi toksik yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00f6ntem, yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak C2Cl4 \u00fcretebilen karbon tetraklor\u00fcr\u00fcn klorlanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem di\u011fer iki y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re daha az verimlidir ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra trikloretilenin klor<\/a> gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131 veya heksakloroetan\u0131n fosgen ile reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131 yoluyla da C2Cl4 \u00fcretmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fcreticiler, C2Cl4 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler olarak genellikle do\u011frudan etilen<\/a> klorlama ve etilen diklor\u00fcr klorlama kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tetrakloroetilenin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C2Cl4’\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler dahil \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve ticari kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n