{"id":734,"date":"2023-07-21T14:21:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T14:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/potasyum-nitrit-kno2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T14:21:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T14:21:02","slug":"potasyum-nitrit-kno2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/potasyum-nitrit-kno2\/","title":{"rendered":"Potasyum nitrit \u2013 kno2, 7758-09-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Potasyum nitrit (KNO2), g\u0131da koruyucu olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. Bakteri \u00fcremesini engelledi\u011fi, et ve di\u011fer g\u0131dalar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Potasyum Nitrit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n KNO2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7758-09-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Nitr\u00f6z asit, potasyum tuzu; g\u00fcher\u00e7ile(III); nitr\u00f6z asit, bile\u015fik. potasyum tuzu (1:1) ile; E249<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/K.NO2\/c;2-1-3\/q+1;-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum nitritin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Potasyum Nitrit Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Potasyum nitritin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc KNO2’dir. Bile\u015fi\u011fin bile\u015fimini, kendisini olu\u015fturan atomlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan temsil eder. Potasyum nitritin form\u00fcl\u00fc, molar k\u00fctlesini ve molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrit Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

KNO2’nin molar k\u00fctlesi 85,103 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Potasyum (39,10 g\/mol), nitrojen (14,01 g\/mol) ve iki oksijen atomunun (2 x 16,00 g\/mol) atomik k\u00fctlelerinin toplam\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilir. KNO2’nin molar k\u00fctlesi, belirli bir k\u00fctle veya hacimde maddenin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirlemede esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitritin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO2’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 320\u00b0C’dir (608\u00b0F). Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bile\u015fik s\u0131v\u0131 fazdan gaz faz\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. KNO2’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve safl\u0131k gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrit Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO2’nin erime noktas\u0131 441\u00b0C’dir (826\u00b0F). Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kat\u0131 bile\u015fik s\u0131v\u0131 faza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. KNO2’nin erime noktas\u0131, g\u0131da muhafazas\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalara uygunlu\u011funun belirlenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir parametredir.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitritin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

KNO2’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1,915 g\/mL’dir. Bir maddenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, maddenin birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. KNO2’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kimyasal reaktivitesi gibi fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrit Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 85.103 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. KNO2 i\u00e7eren bir reaksiyonun stokiyometrisini belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir parametredir. KNO2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini belirlemek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitritin yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Potasyum<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

KNO2’nin molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fc KNO2’dir. Potasyum katyonlar\u0131 (K+) ve nitrit anyonlar\u0131ndan (NO2-) olu\u015fan iyonik bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Nitrit iyonu, yakla\u015f\u0131k 115\u00b0’lik bir ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip, kavisli bir molek\u00fcler geometriye sahiptir. KNO2’nin yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve reaktivitesi gibi kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitritin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

KNO2 suda \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ve 20\u00b0C’de yakla\u015f\u0131k 710 g\/L’lik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. KNO2’nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve di\u011fer maddelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. KNO2’nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u0131da muhafazas\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalara uygunlu\u011funun belirlenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir parametredir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz ila sar\u0131ms\u0131 kristal kat\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1.915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksizden beyaza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 85.103 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1,915 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 441\u00b0C (826\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 320\u00b0C (608\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n \u00c7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr (20\u00b0C’de 710 g\/L)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, amonyakta az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 0,0038 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2,96 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 3.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 5-8 (%5 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum Nitrit G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KNO2 tehlikeli olabilir. Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r ve g\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve solunum sisteminde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. KNO2’ye uzun s\u00fcreli veya tekrarl\u0131 maruz kalma, kan\u0131n oksijen ta\u015f\u0131ma yetene\u011fini azaltan bir durum olan methemoglobinemiye neden olabilir. KNO2 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir oksitleyici maddedir ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle \u015fiddetli reaksiyona girerek yang\u0131na veya patlamaya neden olabilir. KNO2 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131m\u0131, yeterli havaland\u0131rma ve g\u00fcvenli depolama gibi uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ba\u015fvurun.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Xn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n S22, S24\/25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 1488<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2834.29.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 5.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r, methemoglobinemiye neden olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum nitrit sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Potasyum hidroksit (KOH),<\/a> nitr\u00f6z asit (HNO2) ile reaksiyona girerek KNO2’yi sentezler. Reaksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak KNO2 ve su (H2O) \u00fcretir. End\u00fcstri bu y\u00f6ntemi b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda KNO2 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Reaksiyon denklemi:<\/p>\n

2 KOH + HNO2 \u2192 KNO2 + 2 H2O<\/p>\n

KNO2’yi sentezlemenin bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemi , potasyum karbonat\u0131n (K2CO3)<\/a> nitrik oksit (NO) ile reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Reaksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak KNO2, karbon dioksit (CO2) ve nitrojen (N2) \u00fcretir. Nitrik oksit elde etmek zor ve pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bu y\u00f6ntemin daha az kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n

Reaksiyon denklemi:<\/p>\n

2 K2CO3 + 2 NO \u2192 2 KNO2 + 2 CO2 + N2<\/p>\n

KNO2, SO2 veya FeSO4 gibi bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak KNO3’\u00fcn oksitlenmesiyle elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Reaksiyon, yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak KNO2, su ve indirgeyici maddenin indirgenmi\u015f formunu \u00fcretir. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu y\u00f6ntemi daha az kullan\u0131yor ve genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli laboratuvar sentezlerine ay\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcr dioksit ile reaksiyonun denklemi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

2 KNO3 + 3 SO2 + H2O \u2192 2 KNO2 + 3 H2SO4<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitritin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

KNO2 kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve laboratuvar uygulamalar\u0131na sahiptir. KNO2’nin yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. G\u0131da Muhafazas\u0131: K\u00fcrlenmi\u015f etlerde zararl\u0131 bakterilerin \u00fcremesini \u00f6nlemek ve raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmak amac\u0131yla koruyucu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Kimya End\u00fcstrisi: Nitr\u00f6z asit, diazonyum bile\u015fikleri ve organik nitritler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde ara madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Tar\u0131m: Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve azot salma \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 g\u00fcbre ve toprak d\u00fczenleyici olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Laboratuvar Reaktifi: Birincil aminlerin tespiti ve diazonyum tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli laboratuvar uygulamalar\u0131nda reaktif olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. T\u0131bbi kullan\u0131m\u0131: Siyan\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131yla reaksiyona girerek toksik olmayan siyanmethemoglobin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmesinin tedavisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k: Geli\u015ftirilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin kalitesini ve netli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf geli\u015ftiricilerinde katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  7. Cam End\u00fcstrisi: Cam end\u00fcstrisinde, cam \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdeki istenmeyen renklerin giderilmesinde a\u011fartma maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Potasyum nitrit nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO2, \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve laboratuvar uygulamalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan inorganik bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

    S: Potasyum nitritin form\u00fcl\u00fc nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: Potasyum nitritin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc KNO2’dir.<\/p>\n

    S: NH4OH, HNO3 ile reaksiyona girdi\u011finde hangi tuz \u00fcretilir? KNO2, NaNO3, NH4NO3 veya NH4NO2?<\/h3>\n

    C: NH4OH, HNO3 ile reaksiyona girdi\u011finde \u00fcretilen tuz NH4NO3’t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Soru: KNO2 asit mi yoksa baz m\u0131?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO2 bazik bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Form\u00fcl\u00fc KNO2 olan bile\u015fi\u011fin ad\u0131 nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO2 form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bile\u015fi\u011fin ad\u0131 potasyum nitrittir.<\/p>\n

    S: KNO2 zay\u0131f bir baz m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO2 zay\u0131f bir baz olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

    S: KNO2 asidik mi yoksa bazik mi?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO2 do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi baziktir ve hafif bir indirgeyici ajan olarak g\u00f6rev yapabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Potasyum nitrit (KNO2), g\u0131da koruyucu olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. Bakteri \u00fcremesini engelledi\u011fi, et ve di\u011fer g\u0131dalar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fi bilinmektedir. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Potasyum Nitrit Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl KNO2 CAS numaras\u0131 7758-09-0 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Nitr\u00f6z asit, potasyum tuzu; g\u00fcher\u00e7ile(III); nitr\u00f6z asit, bile\u015fik. potasyum tuzu (1:1) ile; E249 InChI InChI=1S\/K.NO2\/c;2-1-3\/q+1;-1 Potasyum nitritin \u00f6zellikleri Potasyum Nitrit Form\u00fcl\u00fc … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPotasyum nitrit - KNO2, 7758-09-0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Potasyum nitrit (KNO2), g\u0131da koruyucu olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. 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