{"id":720,"date":"2023-07-21T16:33:39","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T16:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/potasyum-nitrat-kno3\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T16:33:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T16:33:39","slug":"potasyum-nitrat-kno3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/potasyum-nitrat-kno3\/","title":{"rendered":"Potasyum nitrat \u2013 kno3, 7757-79-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Potasyum nitrat (KNO3), g\u00fcbrelerde, g\u0131da muhafazas\u0131nda ve havai fi\u015feklerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan beyaz kristalli bir tuzdur. Ayr\u0131ca hassas di\u015flere y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 di\u015f macunlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Potasyum nitrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n KNO3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7757-79-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n g\u00fcher\u00e7ile; potasyum nitrat; nitr\u00fcr; g\u00fcher\u00e7ile; E252; \u00c7in g\u00fcher\u00e7ilesi; nitrik asit, potasyum tuzu; Kalii Nitralar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/K.NO3\/c;2-1(3)4\/q+1;-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Potasyum nitrat form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc KNO3’t\u00fcr. Bu form\u00fcl, bile\u015fi\u011fin bir potasyum iyonu, bir nitrat iyonu ve \u00fc\u00e7 oksijen iyonundan olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Form\u00fcl, bir reaksiyonda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan potasyum nitrat miktar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca bile\u015fikte bulunan elementlerin ve iyonlar\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrat Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

KNO3’\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi 101,1 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molar k\u00fctle, bir maddenin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir ve bile\u015fikteki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. KNO3 durumunda molar k\u00fctle, bir potasyum atomu, bir nitrojen atomu ve \u00fc\u00e7 oksijen atomunun atomik k\u00fctlesinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer, bir reaksiyonda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan KNO3 miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde ve konsantrasyon gibi di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerin hesaplanmas\u0131nda faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO3, 1,336 \u00b0C (2,437 \u00b0F) gibi nispeten y\u00fcksek bir kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Bu, bile\u015fi\u011fin atomlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131rmak ve onu s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla enerji gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u00f6zellik KNO3’\u00fc havai fi\u015fek \u00fcretimi gibi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k reaksiyonlar\u0131 gerektiren uygulamalarda faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrat\u0131n Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO3’\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 334\u00b0C’dir (633\u00b0F). Bu, 334\u00b0C’nin \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda KNO3’\u00fcn kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u00f6zellik KNO3’\u00fc silikan\u0131n erime noktas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in bir ak\u0131\u015f maddesi olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cam yap\u0131m\u0131 gibi uygulamalarda faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

KNO3’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2,109 g\/mL’dir. Yo\u011funluk, bir maddenin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlenin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. KNO3’\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00fcbre \u00fcretimi gibi azot ve potasyum kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalarda \u00f6nemlidir. Yo\u011funluk ayr\u0131ca belirli bir \u00e7\u00f6zelti hacminde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan KNO3 miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde de faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrat Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

KNO3’\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 101,1 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, bile\u015fikteki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir reaksiyonda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan KNO3 miktar\u0131 veya bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin konsantrasyonu gibi KNO3’\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerinin hesaplanmas\u0131nda faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Potasyum<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

KNO3 potasyum, nitrat ve oksijen iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kristal bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Potasyum iyonlar\u0131 alt\u0131 nitrat iyonu ile \u00e7evriliyken, nitrat iyonlar\u0131 alt\u0131 potasyum iyonu ile \u00e7evrelenmi\u015ftir. Bu yap\u0131 KNO3’e \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, erime noktas\u0131 ve yo\u011funluk gibi karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerini verir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz kristal toz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 2,109 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Beyaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 101.1032 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 2,109 gr\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 334\u00b0C (633\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 400\u00b0C (752\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 133 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Gliserol, amonyak ve suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n \u0130hmal edilebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 4.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 6.9 \u2013 7.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum nitrat\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

KNO3 do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nispeten g\u00fcvenlidir ancak yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tehlikeler olu\u015fturabilir. Oksitleyici olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, yani di\u011fer malzemelerin yanmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir. KNO3 ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6zleri, cildi ve solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131 tahri\u015f edebilir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde toksik olabilir. KNO3 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve solunum cihaz\u0131 gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden uzak, serin ve kuru bir yerde saklanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7evrenin kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun imha y\u00f6ntemleri de takip edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n O, Xn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden\/s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Koruyucu eldiven\/g\u00f6z korumas\u0131\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n. YUTULMASI HAL\u0130NDE: Kendinizi iyi hissetmiyorsan\u0131z ZEH\u0130R MERKEZ\u0130N\u0130\/doktoru aray\u0131n. A\u011fz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7alkalay\u0131n. Kusturmaya \u00c7ALI\u015eMAYIN. SOLUNDU\u011eUNDA: Kazazedeyi temiz havaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve nefes almas\u0131 kolay bir pozisyonda dinlenmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n. ZEH\u0130R MERKEZ\u0130N\u0130\/doktoru aray\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n 1486<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2834.21.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 5.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Solunmas\u0131 halinde solunum yolu tahri\u015fine, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olabilir. G\u00f6zde ve ciltte tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Yutma kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131na, kusmaya ve ishale neden olabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde toksik olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Potasyum nitrat sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

KNO3’\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler sentezleyebilir.<\/p>\n

Yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntem, potasyum hidroksit<\/a> ile nitrik asit<\/a> aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyondur. Reaksiyon kab\u0131 iki maddeyi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 genellikle 80\u00b0C civar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r. Bundan sonra kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m so\u011fur ve filtreleme i\u015flemi kat\u0131 KNO3’\u00fc geri kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir y\u00f6ntem ise potasyum klor\u00fcr<\/a> ile sodyum nitrat aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyondur. Bir ki\u015fi iki maddeyi bir reaksiyon kab\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 genellikle 600\u00b0C civar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m erir ve daha sonra kat\u0131la\u015farak KNO3 kristalleri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir y\u00f6ntem, bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda amonya\u011f\u0131n nitrik asit<\/a> ile oksidasyonunu i\u00e7erir. Bu y\u00f6ntem daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve genellikle end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KNO3 ma\u011faralar ve yer alt\u0131 yataklar\u0131 gibi do\u011fal kaynaklardan elde edilebilir. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim ve ekstrakte edilen KNO3’te mevcut olan safs\u0131zl\u0131klar nedeniyle daha az yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Potasyum Nitrat\u0131n Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

KNO3 kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahiptir. KNO3’\u00fcn baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. G\u00fcbre \u2013 Y\u00fcksek azot ve potasyum i\u00e7eri\u011fi nedeniyle g\u00fcbre olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Meyve, sebze ve t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde potasyum gerektiren \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. G\u0131dalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 \u2013 \u00d6zellikle kurutulmu\u015f etlerde g\u0131da koruyucu olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bakteri \u00fcremesini engelleyerek bozulmay\u0131 \u00f6nler, b\u00f6ylece \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Piroteknik \u2013 Havai fi\u015fek ve di\u011fer piroteknik cihazlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur. Di\u011fer malzemelerin yanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in oksijen \u00fcreten bir oksidan g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
  4. Di\u015f macunu \u2013 Di\u015f hassasiyetini azaltmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 di\u015f macunlar\u0131na eklenir. A\u011fr\u0131 sinyallerinin di\u015f sinirinden beyne iletilmesini engelleyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. T\u0131bbi Kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u2013 \u0130drar s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve balgam s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle t\u0131bbi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda anjina ve hipertansiyonu da tedavi eder.<\/li>\n
  6. End\u00fcstriyel Uygulamalar \u2013 Cam, seramik ve boya \u00fcretimi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalarda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Soru: Potasyum nitrat suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fc?<\/h3>\n

    C: Evet, KNO3 suda olduk\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 100 gram su yakla\u015f\u0131k 37 gram KNO3’\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zebilir.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Potasyum nitrat ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO3 g\u00fcbre, g\u0131da koruyucu, piroteknik oksidan, di\u015f macunu bile\u015feni ve cam, seramik ve boya \u00fcretiminde bir bile\u015fen olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Potasyum nitrat nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: G\u00fcher\u00e7ile olarak da bilinen potasyum nitrat, KNO3 form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip kimyasal bir bile\u015fiktir. Potasyum iyonlar\u0131 (K+) ve nitrat iyonlar\u0131ndan (NO3-) olu\u015fan iyonik bir tuzdur.<\/p>\n

    S: Potasyum nitrat\u0131 n\u00f6tralize eden nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: Kalsiyum ve magnezyum iyonlar\u0131, bitkilerdeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 KNO3’\u00fcn zararl\u0131 etkilerini ortadan kald\u0131rabilir. \u0130nsanlarda KNO3 zehirlenmesinin bilinen bir panzehiri yoktur ve tedavisi olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    S: kno3 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fc?<\/h3>\n

    C: Evet, KNO3 suda olduk\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    S: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonda kno3 i\u00e7eren su elektrolizinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonda KNO3 i\u00e7eren su elektrolizinin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri hidrojen gaz\u0131 (H2) ve oksijen gaz\u0131d\u0131r (O2).<\/p>\n

    S: kno3 nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO3, g\u00fcher\u00e7ile olarak da bilinen potasyum nitrat\u0131n kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    S: kno3’teki tek bir nitrojen atomunun oksidasyon durumu nedir?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO3’te her nitrojen atomunun oksidasyon durumu +5’tir.<\/p>\n

    S: kno3 asit mi yoksa baz m\u0131?<\/h3>\n

    C: KNO3 ne asit ne de bazd\u0131r. Bir katyon (K+) ve bir anyondan (NO3-) olu\u015fan bir tuzdur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Potasyum nitrat (KNO3), g\u00fcbrelerde, g\u0131da muhafazas\u0131nda ve havai fi\u015feklerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan beyaz kristalli bir tuzdur. Ayr\u0131ca hassas di\u015flere y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 di\u015f macunlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Potasyum nitrat Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl KNO3 CAS numaras\u0131 7757-79-1 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 g\u00fcher\u00e7ile; potasyum nitrat; nitr\u00fcr; g\u00fcher\u00e7ile; E252; \u00c7in g\u00fcher\u00e7ilesi; nitrik asit, potasyum tuzu; Kalii Nitralar\u0131 InChI InChI=1S\/K.NO3\/c;2-1(3)4\/q+1;-1 Potasyum … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPotasyum nitrat - KNO3, 7757-79-1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Potasyum nitrat (KNO3), g\u00fcbrelerde, g\u0131da muhafazas\u0131nda ve havai fi\u015feklerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan beyaz kristalli bir tuzdur. 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