{"id":713,"date":"2023-07-21T17:30:03","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T17:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/brom-br2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T17:30:03","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T17:30:03","slug":"brom-br2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/brom-br2\/","title":{"rendered":"Brom \u2013 br2, 7726-95-6"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brom (Br2), iki brom atomundan olu\u015fan diatomik bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahverengi bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7ok reaktiftir. \u0130la\u00e7, tar\u0131m ve su ar\u0131tma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Brom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n Br2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7726-95-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Bromo, Molek\u00fcler brom, UN 1744, Diatomik brom, Brom-79, Brom-81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/Br2\/c1-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Bromun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Brom form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Bromun kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc Br2’dir. Bu, bir brom molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn iki brom atomu i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Form\u00fcl, bir maddenin bile\u015fimini temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda esast\u0131r. Brom form\u00fcl\u00fc ila\u00e7, su ar\u0131tma ve tar\u0131m dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Brom Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Br2’nin molar k\u00fctlesi 159,808 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir mol Br2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir. Molar k\u00fctle kimyada \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelliktir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc belirli bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken madde miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca bir maddenin gram\u0131n\u0131 ve mol\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bromun kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Br2’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 58,8\u00b0C’dir (137,8\u00b0F). Bu, Br2’nin s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Br2’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, molek\u00fcllerin s\u0131v\u0131 halden daha kolay ka\u00e7mas\u0131na izin veren zay\u0131f molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Br2’nin y\u00fcksek reaktivitesi onu y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda i\u015flenmesi tehlikeli bir madde haline getirir.<\/p>\n

Bromun erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Br2’nin erime noktas\u0131 -7,2\u00b0C’dir (19,0\u00b0F). Bu, kat\u0131 Br2’nin s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Br2’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, molek\u00fcllerin kat\u0131 halde daha kolay hareket etmesini sa\u011flayan zay\u0131f molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Br2, halojenler aras\u0131nda nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Brom yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

Br2’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3,12 g\/mL’dir. Bu, bir mililitre Br2’nin k\u00fctlesinin 3,12 gram oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Br2’nin y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu, molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve molek\u00fcllerinin s\u0131v\u0131 haldeki s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Br2’nin y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu onu a\u011f\u0131r organik sentez reaksiyonlar\u0131nda faydal\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Brom Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Br2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 79,90 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Br2 molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki iki Br atomunun atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyada \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelliktir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc belirli bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in gerekli olan madde miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Bromun yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Brom\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Br2 diatomik bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr, yani birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki Br atomundan olu\u015fur. \u0130ki Br2 atomu bir \u00e7ift elektronu payla\u015farak kovalent bir ba\u011f olu\u015fturur. Br2 molek\u00fcl\u00fc, iki Br atomunun d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi halinde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi do\u011frusal bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Br2’nin yap\u0131s\u0131 klor ve iyot gibi di\u011fer halojenlere benzer.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahverengi s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 3,12g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahverengi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Keskin ve rahats\u0131z edici koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 159.808 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 3.12g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -7,2\u00b0C (19,0\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 58,8\u00b0C (137,8\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 3,41g\/100ml (25\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Kloroform, karbon tetraklor\u00fcr ve eterde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 1,13 kPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 5,4 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n -5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Bromun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Br2 tehlikeli bir kimyasald\u0131r ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ciltte ve g\u00f6zlerde ciddi tahri\u015fe neden olabilecek a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Br2 buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum problemlerine neden olabilir ve y\u00fcksek seviyelere maruz kalmak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir. Br2 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir oksitleyici maddedir ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle \u015fiddetli reaksiyona girerek yang\u0131nlara veya patlamalara neden olabilir. Br2 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken daima eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve solunum cihaz\u0131 gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar giyilmelidir. Serin, kuru, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda, \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan ve uyumsuz maddelerden uzakta depolanmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fclme veya kaza durumunda alan\u0131 derhal bo\u015falt\u0131n ve uygun temizlik prosed\u00fcrlerini izleyin.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Kafatas\u0131 ve Kemiklerin, A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n \u00c7ok toksik, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve cildi, g\u00f6zleri ve solunum sistemini tahri\u015f edicidir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1744<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2801.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n LD50 (oral, s\u0131\u00e7an) = 2 ila 3 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Brom sentezi y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130stenilen safl\u0131k ve miktara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Br2’yi sentezlemek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Bir y\u00f6ntem, tuzlu suyun demir gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda klor<\/a> gaz\u0131yla i\u015flenmesini i\u00e7erir. Elde edilen sodyum hipoklorit ve sodyum klor\u00fcr<\/a> \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi daha sonra hidroklorik asitle asitle\u015ftirilir ve bu da Br2 gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, platin veya asbest gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojen brom\u00fcr gaz\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> oksijen gaz\u0131 ile oksidasyonunu i\u00e7erir. End\u00fcstriler, uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek safl\u0131kta Br2 \u00fcretmek amac\u0131yla yayg\u0131n olarak bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektroliz, sodyum ve klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ran ve bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak Br2 gaz\u0131 \u00fcreten \u00e7\u00f6zeltiden bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irerek tuzlu sudan Br2’yi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bromun Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Br2’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n