{"id":614,"date":"2023-07-22T07:53:04","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T07:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/n-pentan-c5h12\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T07:53:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T07:53:04","slug":"n-pentan-c5h12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/n-pentan-c5h12\/","title":{"rendered":"N-pentan \u2013 c5h12, 109-66-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

n-pentan, C5H12 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bir hidrokarbondur. K\u00f6p\u00fck yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda solvent, yak\u0131t ve \u015fi\u015firici madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaynama noktas\u0131 36\u00b0C’dir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Pentan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C5H12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 109-66-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n n-Amilhidrit, Skellysolve A, amil hidrit, pentil hidrit, UN 1265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C5H12\/c1-3-5-4-2\/h3-5H2.1-2H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

N-pentan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pentan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pentan, standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta (1 atm) 36,07\u00b0C (97,13\u00b0F) kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kolayca buharla\u015fan, u\u00e7ucu ve yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, k\u00f6p\u00fckleri yal\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir \u015fi\u015firme maddesi olarak ve i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar i\u00e7in bir yak\u0131t olarak yararl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Pentan form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Pentan\u0131n kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C5H12’dir. D\u00fcz zincirli bir alkand\u0131r ve hidrokarbon grubuna aittir. Form\u00fcl, bir pentan molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunan atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. Pentan\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc, di\u011fer maddelerle reaktivitesi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pentan\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Normal pentan olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan pentan\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi 72,15 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. D\u00fcz zincirli bir alkand\u0131r ve be\u015f karbon atomuna ve 12 hidrojen atomuna sahiptir. Molar k\u00fctlesi, molek\u00fcldeki karbon ve hidrojenin atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r. Pentan\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal reaksiyonlarda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bile\u015fik miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pentan\u0131n erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pentan -129,8\u00b0C (-201,6\u00b0F) erime noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r, ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda donarak kat\u0131 hale gelebilir. Pentan\u0131n erime noktas\u0131, so\u011futma ve \u0131s\u0131 transferi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pentan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

Pentan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20\u00b0C’de 0,63 g\/mL’dir. Sudan daha az yo\u011fun bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve suyun y\u00fczeyinde y\u00fczer. Pentan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, di\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131larla kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve yak\u0131t olarak uygunlu\u011fu gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pentan\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"pentan\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Pentan\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 72,15 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir pentan molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Pentan\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli solventlerdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalardaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pentan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

Pentan, be\u015f karbon atomu ve 12 hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fan do\u011frusal, dallanmam\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Doymu\u015f bir hidrokarbondur ve alkan grubuna aittir. \u00dc\u00e7 hidrojen atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 iki terminal karbon hari\u00e7, her karbon atomu iki hidrojen atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 0,626 \u2013 0,63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Benzin kokusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 72,15 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 0,63 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -129,8\u00b0C (-201,6\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 36,07\u00b0C (97,13\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -49\u00b0C (-56,2\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 17,5 mg\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez, organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 380 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2,5 (hava=1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n ~45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

N-pentan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N-pentan yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve havayla patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturabilir. Yang\u0131n ve patlama tehlikesi ta\u015f\u0131r ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe neden olabilir ve uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesine ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na neden olabilir. n-Pentan ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken uygun ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Yang\u0131n durumunda karbondioksit veya kuru kimyevi toz gibi uygun s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc maddeler kullan\u0131n. Ayr\u0131ca n-Pentan\u0131n serin, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda ve tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzakta saklanmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n F, Xi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden\/s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Yaln\u0131zca k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131karmayan aletler kullan\u0131n. Kab\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ca kapal\u0131 tutun. Buharlar\u0131 solumay\u0131n. G\u00f6z, cilt ve giysilerle temas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Sadece iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ortamda kullan\u0131n. Yang\u0131n durumunda uygun s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc maddeler kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2901.10.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n G\u00f6z, cilt ve solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesine ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

N-pentan sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Petrol rafinasyonu, n-pentan \u00fcretmenin birincil y\u00f6ntemidir. D\u00fcz zincirli bir hidrokarbondur ve benzinin ana bile\u015fenlerinden biridir. n-Pentan sentezi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Petrol\u00fcn par\u00e7alanmas\u0131: Petrolden n-pentan elde etmek i\u00e7in, ham petrol\u00fc \u0131s\u0131tarak bile\u015fenlerini kaynama noktalar\u0131na g\u00f6re ay\u0131ran bir i\u015flem olan ayr\u0131msal dam\u0131tma kullanarak onu par\u00e7alayabiliriz. Daha sonra n-pentan\u0131 kaynama noktas\u0131 30 ile 40\u00b0C aras\u0131nda olan di\u011fer hidrokarbonlardan ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u0130zomerizasyon: \u0130zomerizasyon, bir hidrokarbonu ayn\u0131 molek\u00fcler fakat farkl\u0131 yap\u0131ya sahip ba\u015fka bir form\u00fcle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme i\u015flemidir. Pentenlerin izomerizasyonu, bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak n-pentan \u00fcretir. Petrokimya end\u00fcstrisi yayg\u0131n olarak bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hidrojenasyon: Penten hidrojenasyonu, n-pentan\u0131n sentezlenmesinin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir. Pentenlerden n-pentan sentezlemek i\u00e7in, genellikle nikel veya platin gibi bir metal olan bir kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojen gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyona girebiliriz. Reaksiyon, yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak n-pentan \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

1-pentanol\u00fcn dehidrasyonu: Ayr\u0131ca, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit<\/a> gibi bir asit kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak dehidre edilerek 1-pentanolden n-pentan sentezlenebilir. Bu reaksiyon n-penten \u00fcretir ve bu daha sonra n-pentan elde etmek \u00fczere hidrojenlenebilir.<\/p>\n

N-pentan\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N-pentan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte ana uygulamalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Solvent: Boya ve kaplama end\u00fcstrisinde ya\u011flar, mumlar ve re\u00e7ineler i\u00e7in solvent olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, m\u00fcrekkepler ve kau\u00e7uk bunu solvent olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. \u015ei\u015firme maddesi: genle\u015ftirilmi\u015f polistiren (EPS) ve ekstr\u00fcde polistiren (XPS) gibi k\u00f6p\u00fck yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcretiminde \u015fi\u015firme maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Kimyasal ara madde: Pentanol, pentanoik asit ve pentanal gibi di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kimyasal ara madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Yak\u0131t: Baz\u0131 benzin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda yak\u0131t olarak, genellikle oktan seviyelerini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir harmanlama bile\u015feni olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Kalibrasyon standard\u0131: Gaz kromatografisinde kalibrasyon standard\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. Ekstraksiyon: Soya fasulyesi ya\u011f\u0131 gibi yenilebilir ya\u011flar\u0131n ekstraksiyonunda ve bitkilerden u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar gibi do\u011fal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ekstraksiyonunda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  7. Laboratuvar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131: Laboratuvar ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak ve gaz kromatografisi i\u00e7in referans malzeme olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    S: Pentan\u0131n molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fc c5h12’dir. pentan izomerinin molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fc nedir?<\/p>\n

    A: 2-Metilb\u00fctan (ayn\u0131 zamanda izopentan olarak da bilinir), C5H12 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahiptir ve bir pentan\u0131n izomeridir.<\/p>\n

    S: Pentan polar m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    C: Hay\u0131r, pentan polar de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaln\u0131zca polar olmayan karbon-karbon ve karbon-hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve simetrik bir molek\u00fcler \u015fekle sahiptir.<\/p>\n

    Soru: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi suda en \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr? asetik asit pentanol b\u00fctanoik asit pentanal<\/p>\n

    C: Asetik asit, su molek\u00fclleriyle hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturma yetene\u011finden dolay\u0131 suda en \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    S: Pentan suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fc?<\/p>\n

    C: Hay\u0131r, pentan, polar olmayan yap\u0131s\u0131 ve su molek\u00fclleriyle hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturamamas\u0131 nedeniyle suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez.<\/p>\n

    S: N-pentan\u0131n hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

    C: Hay\u0131r, n-pentan\u0131n hidrojen ba\u011f\u0131 yoktur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc oksijen, nitrojen veya flor gibi elektronegatif atomlara ba\u011fl\u0131 hidrojen atomlar\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    n-pentan, C5H12 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bir hidrokarbondur. K\u00f6p\u00fck yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda solvent, yak\u0131t ve \u015fi\u015firici madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaynama noktas\u0131 36\u00b0C’dir. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Pentan Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl C5H12 CAS numaras\u0131 109-66-0 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 n-Amilhidrit, Skellysolve A, amil hidrit, pentil hidrit, UN 1265 InChI InChI=1S\/C5H12\/c1-3-5-4-2\/h3-5H2.1-2H3 N-pentan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri Pentan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 Pentan, standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta (1 atm) 36,07\u00b0C (97,13\u00b0F) kaynama noktas\u0131na … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nn-Pentan - C5H12, 109-66-0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"n-pentan, C5H12 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip bir hidrokarbondur. K\u00f6p\u00fck yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda solvent, yak\u0131t ve \u015fi\u015firici madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 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