{"id":610,"date":"2023-07-22T08:30:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T08:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/fosforik-asit-h3po4\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T08:30:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T08:30:52","slug":"fosforik-asit-h3po4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/fosforik-asit-h3po4\/","title":{"rendered":"H3po4 \u2013 fosforik asit, 7664-38-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fosforik asit (H3PO4) renksiz ve kokusuz bir mineral asittir. Yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek end\u00fcstrisinde tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 madde olarak ve otomobil end\u00fcstrisinde pas \u00f6nleyici olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Fosforik asit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n H3PO4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7664-38-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Ortofosforik asit, trihidroksidooksidofosfor, fosforik asit (V), ortofosforik asit, berrak fosforik asit teknolojisi, fosforaeur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/H3O4P\/c1-5(2,3)4\/h(H3,1,2,3,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Fosforik asidin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fosforik asidin molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin molar k\u00fctlesi 98.00 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, molek\u00fcl\u00fc olu\u015fturan atomlar\u0131n her birinin (bir fosfor atomu ve \u00fc\u00e7 oksijen atomu) atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. Molar k\u00fctle bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Avogadro say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak belirli bir numunede bulunan madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ek olarak fosforik asidin molar k\u00fctlesi, bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin konsantrasyonunu titrasyon yoluyla belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fosforik Asit Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc H3PO4’t\u00fcr; bu, onun bir fosfor atomu, \u00fc\u00e7 hidrojen atomu ve d\u00f6rt oksijen atomu i\u00e7erdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bir baza \u00fc\u00e7e kadar hidrojen iyonu verebilen zay\u0131f bir asittir. Form\u00fcl \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimyasal denklemler yazmam\u0131za ve fosforik asit i\u00e7eren kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131n stokiyometrisini hesaplamam\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. Ek olarak form\u00fcl, bir fosforik asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin konsantrasyonunu titrasyon yoluyla hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fosforik asidin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin kaynama noktas\u0131 1 atmosfer bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 158\u00b0C’dir (316\u00b0F). Bu, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta fosforik asidin s\u0131v\u0131 faz\u0131n\u0131n gaz faz\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Kaynama noktas\u0131 bile\u015fikte mevcut olan molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve fosforik asit durumunda molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kaynama noktas\u0131 bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir fiziksel \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel proseste yararl\u0131 olan u\u00e7uculu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fosforik asidin erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin erime noktas\u0131 42,35\u00b0C’dir (108,23\u00b0F). Bu, fosforik asidin kat\u0131 faz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 faza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Erime noktas\u0131 bile\u015fikte mevcut olan molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve fosforik asit durumunda molek\u00fcller aras\u0131ndaki hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Erime noktas\u0131 bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir fiziksel \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve kimli\u011fini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fosforik asit yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (25\u00b0C veya 77\u00b0F) 1.685 g\/ml’dir. Bu birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na maddenin k\u00fctlesidir. Yo\u011funluk bir maddenin fiziksel bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir ve belirli bir madde k\u00fctlesinin hacmini veya belirli bir madde hacminin k\u00fctlesini hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Fosforik asitin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00fcbre, deterjan ve g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00fcretimi de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel proseste \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Fosforik Asitin Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 98.00 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc belirli bir numunede bulunan madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ek olarak fosforik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, titrasyon yoluyla bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin konsantrasyonunu belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\n
\"H3PO4\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Fosforik asitin yap\u0131s\u0131 (H3PO4)<\/h3>\n

Fosforik asit, H3PO4 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne ve tetrahedral molek\u00fcler geometriye sahiptir. Triprotik bir asittir, yani bir baza \u00fc\u00e7 hidrojen iyonu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabilir. Molek\u00fcl, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc hidrojen atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6rt oksijen atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir fosfor atomu i\u00e7erir. Fosforik asidin yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini belirler. Molek\u00fcller aras\u0131nda hidrojen ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek kaynama ve erime noktalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 1,685<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 98,00 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 1,685 g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 42,35\u00b0C (108,23\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 158\u00b0C (316\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, dietil eter ve asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 0,0002 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 3,5 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n pKa1=2,148, pKa2=7,198, pKa3=12,319<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 1,0 \u2013 2,5 (konsantre \u00e7\u00f6zelti), 2,8 \u2013 3,2 (seyreltilmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6zelti)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

H3PO4 G\u00fcvenlik ve tehlikeler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fosforik asit \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131r ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ciddi cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olabilir ve metallere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Cilt, g\u00f6z veya mukoza ile do\u011frudan temas ciddi yan\u0131klara ve hatta kal\u0131c\u0131 hasara neden olabilir. Dumanlar\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe ve yan\u0131klara neden olabilir. Ciddi i\u00e7 yan\u0131klara ve gastrointestinal rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilece\u011finden yutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Fosforik asitle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve solunum cihaz\u0131 gibi uygun ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipmanlar giyilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca oksitleyici maddeler ve alkaliler gibi uyumsuz malzemelerden uzakta, serin ve kuru bir yerde saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Kab\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ca kapal\u0131 tutun. Koruyucu eldiven\/koruyucu k\u0131yafet\/g\u00f6z koruyucu\/y\u00fcz koruyucu kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1805<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 280920<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 8 (A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II (orta tehlike)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Oral LD50 (s\u0131\u00e7an) \u2013 1533 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

H3PO4 sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fosforik asitin (H3PO4) sentezlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem, kaya fosfat\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitle<\/a> reaksiyonunu i\u00e7eren \u0131slak i\u015flemdir. Kalsiyum s\u00fclfat (al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131) ve H3PO4 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in fosfat kayas\u0131 \u00f6nce ezilir ve ard\u0131ndan konsantre s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00fcspansiyonun filtrelenmesinden sonra, bir dizi solvent ekstraksiyonu ve \u00e7\u00f6keltme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 H3PO4’\u00fc safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H3PO4’\u00fc sentezlemenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, H3PO4 ve elementel fosfor ve kalsiyum oksit gibi di\u011fer yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in fosfat kayas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren termal i\u015flemdir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, y\u00fcksek enerji gereksinimleri nedeniyle \u0131slak i\u015fleme g\u00f6re daha az yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fosfor pentoksitin suyla reaksiyonu H3PO4’\u00fc sentezler. Elektronik ve yar\u0131 iletken end\u00fcstrileri genellikle bu y\u00f6ntemi y\u00fcksek safl\u0131kta H3PO4 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H3PO4’\u00fc sentezlemenin di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131nda fosforun elektrokimyasal oksidasyonu, fosfor triklor\u00fcr\u00fcn hidrolizi ve fosforun nitrik asitle<\/a> reaksiyonu yer al\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemler, y\u00fcksek maliyetleri ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle \u0131slak ve termal i\u015flemlere g\u00f6re daha az yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H3PO4’\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fosforik asit, \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131na sahip \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir bile\u015fiktir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. G\u00fcbre \u00fcretimi: diamonyum fosfat ve \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00fcperfosfat gibi g\u00fcbre \u00fcretiminin ana bile\u015feni.<\/li>\n
  2. Yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek end\u00fcstrisi: Kola i\u00e7ecekleri, re\u00e7eller ve i\u015flenmi\u015f peynir gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi ve aroma maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. End\u00fcstriyel Temizlik: Pas ve di\u011fer mineral birikintilerini \u00e7\u00f6zebilme \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde temizleyici ve pas s\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Su Ar\u0131tma: End\u00fcstriyel proseslerde suyun pH seviyelerini kontrol etmek ve ayr\u0131ca a\u011f\u0131r metalleri ve di\u011fer yabanc\u0131 maddeleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Farmas\u00f6tikler: PH seviyelerini d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 farmas\u00f6tiklerin ve besin takviyelerinin \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. Di\u015f Hekimli\u011fi: K\u00f6k kanal tedavisi gibi di\u015f prosed\u00fcrlerinde ve di\u015f \u00e7imentosunun bir bile\u015feni olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  7. Metal \u0130\u015fleme: Paslanmaz \u00e7elik, al\u00fcminyum ve titanyum gibi metallerin korozyon direncini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u015flemek ve pasifle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  8. Elektronik: Elektronik end\u00fcstrisinde temizlik maddesi olarak ve yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretiminde bile\u015fen olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Soru: Fosforik asidin form\u00fcl\u00fc nedir?<\/p>\n

    A: Fosforik asidin form\u00fcl\u00fc H3PO4’t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    S: H3PO4 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit midir?<\/p>\n

    C: Hay\u0131r, H3PO4 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit olarak kabul edilmez. pKa de\u011feri 2,15 olan zay\u0131f bir asittir.<\/p>\n

    Soru: H3PO4 asit mi baz m\u0131?<\/p>\n

    C: H3PO4 bir asittir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir proton (H+) verir.<\/p>\n

    S: H3PO4’\u00fcn Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n

    C: H3PO4 i\u00e7in Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131, d\u00f6rt oksijen atomu ile \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f merkezi bir fosfor atomuna sahip d\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Her oksijen atomu, fosfor atomuyla tek bir ba\u011f olu\u015fturur ve ayr\u0131ca her oksijen atomunda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ift yaln\u0131z elektron bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Fosforik asit g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit midir? C: Hay\u0131r, fosforik asit g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit olarak kabul edilmez. \u0130lk proton ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pKa de\u011feri 2,15, ikinci proton ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise 7,20 olan zay\u0131f bir asittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Fosforik asit (H3PO4) renksiz ve kokusuz bir mineral asittir. Yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek end\u00fcstrisinde tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 madde olarak ve otomobil end\u00fcstrisinde pas \u00f6nleyici olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Fosforik asit Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl H3PO4 CAS numaras\u0131 7664-38-2 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Ortofosforik asit, trihidroksidooksidofosfor, fosforik asit (V), ortofosforik asit, berrak fosforik asit teknolojisi, fosforaeur InChI InChI=1S\/H3O4P\/c1-5(2,3)4\/h(H3,1,2,3,4) Fosforik asidin \u00f6zellikleri … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nH3PO4 - Fosforik asit, 7664-38-2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fosforik asit (H3PO4) renksiz ve kokusuz bir mineral asittir. 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