{"id":595,"date":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nacl-sodyum-klorur\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","slug":"nacl-sodyum-klorur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nacl-sodyum-klorur\/","title":{"rendered":"Nacl \u2013 sodyum klor\u00fcr, 7647-14-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sodyum klor\u00fcr (NaCl), sodyum ve klor iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir bile\u015fiktir. Yayg\u0131n olarak sofra tuzu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve yiyecekleri baharatlamak ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Sodyum klorit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n NaCl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7647-14-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Halit, kaya tuzu, tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, deniz tuzu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/ClH.Na\/h1H;\/q;+1\/p-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Sodyum Klor\u00fcr Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc, bir sodyum iyonu (Na+) ve bir klor\u00fcr iyonunun (Cl-) kombinasyonunu temsil eden NaCl’dir. Form\u00fcl, bile\u015fikteki g\u00f6receli atom veya iyon say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve bile\u015fiminin kolay tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na ve temsil edilmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

NaCl’nin molar k\u00fctlesi<\/p>\n

Sofra tuzu olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi 58,44 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, bir mol sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn 58.44 gram bile\u015fik i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Molar k\u00fctle, bile\u015fikteki s\u0131ras\u0131yla 22,99 g\/mol ve 35,45 g\/mol olan sodyum (Na) ve klorin (Cl) atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr, iyonik ba\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 1,413 \u00b0C (2,575 \u00b0F) gibi y\u00fcksek bir kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerji giri\u015fi sodyum ve klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki iyonik ba\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131rarak bile\u015fi\u011fin kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7mesine neden olur. \u0130yonlar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elektrostatik \u00e7ekim nedeniyle sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok bile\u015fikten daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 801\u00b0C’dir (1474\u00b0F). Kaynama noktas\u0131 gibi y\u00fcksek erime noktas\u0131 da sodyum ve klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc iyonik ba\u011flardan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda enerji giri\u015fi, iyonlar\u0131 bir arada tutan elektrostatik kuvvetlerin \u00fcstesinden gelir ve bile\u015fi\u011fin kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7mesine neden olur.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (25\u00b0C veya 77\u00b0F) 2,165 g\/mL’dir. Yo\u011funluk, bir maddenin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlenin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu, atomlar\u0131n\u0131n kompakt d\u00fczeninden ve sodyum ile klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc iyonik ba\u011fdan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00f6nce de belirtildi\u011fi gibi 58,44 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131yla hesaplan\u0131r. Sodyum klor\u00fcr geleneksel anlamda bir molek\u00fcl olarak mevcut olmasa da, molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 NaCl form\u00fcl birimine g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\n
\"NaCl\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h6>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum ve klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 1:1 oran\u0131nda d\u00fczenli dizili\u015finden olu\u015fan bir kristal yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Yap\u0131, her bir sodyum iyonunun alt\u0131 klor\u00fcr iyonu ve her bir klor\u00fcr iyonunun alt\u0131 sodyum iyonu ile \u00e7evrelendi\u011fi, y\u00fcz merkezli bir k\u00fcbik kafestir. Sodyum klor\u00fcrdeki iyonik ba\u011f, \u00e7ok kararl\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir a\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Beyaz kristal kat\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 2.165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 58,44 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 2,165 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 801\u00b0C (1474\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 1.413\u00b0C (2.575\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 359 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda ve gliserolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr; etanol ve asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n \u0130hmal edilebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 7 (n\u00f6tr)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr (NaCl) genellikle insan t\u00fcketimi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli kabul edilir. Ancak y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda NaCl’ye maruz kalmak g\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve solunum yollar\u0131nda tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda NaCl’nin yutulmas\u0131 dehidrasyona, elektrolit dengesizliklerine ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abilir. Sodyum klor\u00fcr yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerle temas etti\u011finde yang\u0131n ve patlama tehlikesi de olu\u015fturabilir. Kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun ta\u015f\u0131ma ve depolama gereklidir. Hasar riskini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in NaCl’yi tutarken ve kullan\u0131rken uygun y\u00f6nergelere ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine uymak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Hi\u00e7biri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 7646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2501.00.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n Toksik olmayan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n LD50 (a\u011f\u0131zdan, s\u0131\u00e7an) \u2013 3.000 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Sodyum klor\u00fcr sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Tuz madenleri ve deniz suyu da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar sodyum klor\u00fcr sa\u011flayabilir, ancak bunu laboratuvarda kimyasal reaksiyonlar yoluyla sentezlemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn sentezlenmesi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntem , hidroklorik asit (HCl)<\/a> ve sodyum hidroksitin (NaOH)<\/a> reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu reaksiyon, yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak sodyum klor\u00fcr ve su \u00fcretir. Bu reaksiyonun denklemi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H2O<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, sodyum karbonat\u0131n (Na2CO3) hidroklorik asit (HCl) ile reaksiyona sokularak sodyum klor\u00fcr, karbon dioksit ve su \u00fcretilmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu reaksiyonun denklemi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

2HCl + Na2CO3 \u2192 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n

Sodyum ve klor gaz\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyon, sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn sentezlenmesine y\u00f6nelik bu t\u00fcr y\u00f6ntemlerden biridir. Bu reaksiyon, istenmeyen yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve dikkatli kontrol gerektirir. Bu reaksiyonun denklemi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

2Na + Cl2 \u2192 2NaCl<\/p>\n

Kimyac\u0131lar, maliyet, reaktiflerin mevcudiyeti ve nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn istenen safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve verimi gibi fakt\u00f6rlere dayal\u0131 olarak sodyum klor\u00fcr sentez y\u00f6ntemlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi veya \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmeyi se\u00e7ebilirler. Bu y\u00f6ntemler, do\u011fal kaynaklar nadir olsa bile sodyum klor\u00fcr \u00fcretimini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Sofra tuzu olarak da bilinen sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde ve uygulamalarda bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. G\u0131da End\u00fcstrisi: At\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131klar, i\u015flenmi\u015f etler ve f\u0131r\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde baharat ve lezzet artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Medikal End\u00fcstrisi: V\u00fccudun s\u0131v\u0131 ve elektrolitlerini yenilemek i\u00e7in intraven\u00f6z sol\u00fcsyonlarda ve di\u011fer t\u0131bbi tedavilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Kimya end\u00fcstrisi: Klor, sodyum hidroksit ve sodyum karbonat dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Su Ar\u0131tma: Su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 maddeleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve i\u00e7meye uygun hale getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Tar\u0131m: \u00d6zellikle topra\u011f\u0131n temel besin maddelerinden yoksun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde mahsuller i\u00e7in g\u00fcbre olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. Buz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc: K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda yol ve kald\u0131r\u0131mlarda kaygan y\u00fczeylerden kaynaklanan kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla buz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  7. Tekstil end\u00fcstrisi: Naylon ve polyester gibi sentetik elyaflar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  8. Petrol ve gaz end\u00fcstrisi: Petrol ve gaz sondaj\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  9. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k: Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmeyi te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in besin takviyesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bunlar sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnektir. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bulunabilirli\u011fi, onu geni\u015f bir end\u00fcstri yelpazesindeki bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fen haline getiriyor.<\/p>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    Soru: Sodyum klor\u00fcr bir bile\u015fik midir?<\/p>\n

    C: Evet, sodyum klor\u00fcr bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

    S: Sodyum klor\u00fcr iyonik mi yoksa kovalent mi?<\/p>\n

    Cevap: Sodyum klor\u00fcr iyonik bir bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Sodyum klor\u00fcr nedir?<\/p>\n

    A: Sodyum klor\u00fcr, NaCl kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip beyaz kristalli bir bile\u015fiktir. Yayg\u0131n olarak sofra tuzu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve insan ve hayvan beslenmesi i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n

    S: Sodyum klor\u00fcr ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    C: Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn, g\u0131dalarda baharat ve lezzet artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak, t\u0131bbi tedavide, kimyasal \u00fcretimde, su ar\u0131tmada, buz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc madde olarak, tekstilde ve petrolde dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde ve uygulamalarda bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. ve gaz ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in yem takviyesi olarak.<\/p>\n

    Soru: Sodyum klor\u00fcr suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fc?<\/p>\n

    C: Evet, sodyum klor\u00fcr suda olduk\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sodyum klor\u00fcr (NaCl), sodyum ve klor iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir bile\u015fiktir. Yayg\u0131n olarak sofra tuzu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve yiyecekleri baharatlamak ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Sodyum klorit Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl NaCl CAS numaras\u0131 7647-14-5 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Halit, kaya tuzu, tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, deniz tuzu InChI InChI=1S\/ClH.Na\/h1H;\/q;+1\/p-1 Sodyum Klor\u00fcr Form\u00fcl\u00fc Sodyum klor\u00fcr\u00fcn kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc, bir … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNaCl - Sodyum klor\u00fcr, 7647-14-5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sodyum klor\u00fcr (NaCl), sodyum ve klor iyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir bile\u015fiktir. 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