{"id":571,"date":"2023-07-22T13:51:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T13:51:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kirmizi-kongo-c32h22n6na2o6s2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T13:51:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T13:51:20","slug":"kirmizi-kongo-c32h22n6na2o6s2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kirmizi-kongo-c32h22n6na2o6s2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 \u2013 c32h22n6na2o6s2, 573-58-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 (CR), biyolojik boya ve pH g\u00f6stergesi olarak kullan\u0131lan sentetik bir azo boyad\u0131r. Sel\u00fcloz ve amiloid fibrillere ba\u011flanarak mikroskop alt\u0131nda karakteristik k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir renk olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Disodyum 3,3′-(4,4′-bifenililenbis(azo))bis(4-aminonaftalin-1-s\u00fclfonat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C32H22N6Na2O6S2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 573-58-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 B, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Direkt 28, CI 22120, CI Direkt K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 28, CI Direkt K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 28:1, CI 22120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C32H24N6O6S2.2Na\/c33-29-17-9-21-13-25(37)19-23(21)27(39)15-31(41(35.36) 38) 7-1- 3- 11-5-4-10-12-6-2-8-22-14-26(38)20-24(18-29)28(40)16-32(42(43)44) 30- 19- 19\/h1-18H,33-34H2,(H,35,36,38)(H,43,44)\/q+2;;\/p-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Molar k\u00fctlesi<\/p>\n

CR’nin molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 696,67 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molar k\u00fctle, bir maddenin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesidir ve molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle belirlenir. CR durumunda molek\u00fcl 32 karbon atomu, 22 nitrojen atomu, 6 oksijen atomu, 2 k\u00fck\u00fcrt atomu ve 2 sodyum atomundan olu\u015fur. CR’nin molar k\u00fctlesi, belirli bir uygulama veya deney i\u00e7in gereken madde miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/p>\n

CR geleneksel anlamda bir kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kaynamadan \u00f6nce ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak CR’nin bozundu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131k genellikle 350 ila 360\u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. CR’nin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 zehirli gazlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla karakterize edilir, bu nedenle maddeyi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131rken dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Erime Noktas\u0131<\/p>\n

CR’nin erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 240\u00b0C’dir. Erime noktas\u0131, bir maddenin kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. CR’nin erime noktas\u0131, maddenin eritilebilece\u011fi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h6>\n

CR’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 g\/mL’dir. Yo\u011funluk, bir maddenin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, biyolojik boyama prosed\u00fcrleri veya pH g\u00f6sterge \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalardaki maddenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

CR’nin molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 696,67 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir maddenin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. CR’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, maddenin kaynama ve erime noktalar\u0131, yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/p>\n

\n
\"Kongo<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

CR, bir bifenil birimi ile birbirine ba\u011flanan iki naftalin halkas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Molek\u00fcl ayr\u0131ca naftalin halkalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 iki azo grubu (-N=N-) ve iki s\u00fclfonat grubu (-SO3^-) i\u00e7erir. \u0130ki s\u00fclfonat grubu negatif y\u00fckl\u00fcyken iki sodyum atomu pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve molek\u00fcle genel bir negatif y\u00fck verir.<\/p>\n

Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h6>\n

CR’nin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C32H22N6Na2O6S2’dir. Form\u00fcl, molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcrlerini g\u00f6sterir. Form\u00fclde iki sodyum atomunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n disodyum katyonu ve CR anyonunun bir tuzu oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. CR’nin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc, sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve di\u011fer kimyasallarla reaktivitesi gibi kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 toz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1.5g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Kokusuz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 696,67 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1.5g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak. 240\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Kaynamadan \u00f6nce par\u00e7alan\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda, etanolde, asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 2,5 \u2013 4,0 (s\u00fclfonik asit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 3,0 \u2013 5,0 (suda)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Kongo K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik ve tehlikeler<\/strong><\/h5>\n

CR dikkatli kullan\u0131lmazsa \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik riskleri olu\u015fturabilir. Maddenin cilt veya g\u00f6zlerle temas\u0131 halinde tahri\u015fe neden olabilece\u011fi gibi, solunmas\u0131 halinde solunum problemlerine de neden olabilir. Ek olarak CR yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve ayr\u0131\u015fmaya kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zehirli gazlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. CR ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve madde yaln\u0131zca iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan alanlarda kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7evrenin kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in CR ve kirlenmi\u015f malzemeler i\u00e7in uygun imha prosed\u00fcrlerinin izlenmesi de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n XI, N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Tozunu\/duman\u0131n\u0131\/gaz\u0131n\u0131\/sisini\/buhar\u0131n\u0131\/spreyini solumaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Koruyucu eldiven\/koruyucu k\u0131yafet\/g\u00f6z koruyucu\/y\u00fcz koruyucu kullan\u0131n. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi\/kab\u0131 yerel\/b\u00f6lgesel\/ulusal\/uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak at\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u0130R K\u0130ML\u0130K<\/td>\n UN2811<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 3204.13.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 6.1 (Zehirli maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n S\u0131\u00e7anlarda oral LD50: 400 mg\/kg; S\u0131\u00e7anlarda inhalasyon LC50: > 16 mg\/L (4 saat); Tav\u015fanlarda Dermal LD50: > 2000 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

CR’yi sentezlemek i\u00e7in, s\u00fclfanilik asidin 2-naftol ile reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7ok ad\u0131ml\u0131 bir i\u015flem kullan\u0131labilir. Daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn diazotizasyona tabi tutulur ve CR olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u03b2-naftol-3,6-dis\u00fclfonik asit ile birle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

CR sentezindeki ilk ad\u0131m, hidroklorik asit varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fclfanilik asit ile 2-naftol aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyondur. Reaksiyon, diazonyum tuzunu olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere sodyum nitrit ve hidroklorik asit ile oksidasyona u\u011frayan 4,4′-diaminodifenil-2,2′-dis\u00fclfonik asit \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

CR \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in reaksiyon, diazonyum tuzunun sodyum karbonat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u03b2-naftol-3,6-dis\u00fclfonik asit ile birle\u015ftirilmesini i\u00e7erir. Y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn verimi elde etmek i\u00e7in reaksiyon s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve pH a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkatle kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n

CR sentezinin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, 2-naftol-3,6-dis\u00fclfonik asidin, sodyum nitrit ve hidroklorik asit varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 4-aminobenzens\u00fclfonik asit ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. CR olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kimyager, elde edilen diazonyum tuzunu 2-naftol-6,8-dis\u00fclfonik asitle birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar CR’yi histolojide suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir boya olarak ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda bir g\u00f6sterge olarak kullan\u0131rlar. Her iki y\u00f6ntemle de olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

CR’nin farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kongo k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n