{"id":534,"date":"2023-07-22T18:59:47","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T18:59:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/piridin-c5h5n\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T18:59:47","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T18:59:47","slug":"piridin-c5h5n","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/piridin-c5h5n\/","title":{"rendered":"Piridin – c5h5n, 110-86-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piridin veya C5H5N, alt\u0131 \u00fcyeli nitrojen i\u00e7eren bir halkaya sahip bir heterosiklik organik bile\u015fiktir. Zay\u0131f bir bazd\u0131r ve pestisitler ve farmas\u00f6tikler de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yararl\u0131 bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Piridin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C5H5N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 110-86-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Azabenzen, Azin, Azinoline, Azol, Piridin, Piridin baz\u0131, Piridinyum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C5H5N\/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1\/h1-5H <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
\n
\"Piridin\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Piridin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h6>\n

Piridin, be\u015f karbon atomu ve bir nitrojen atomundan olu\u015fan alt\u0131 \u00fcyeli bir halkaya sahiptir. Azot atomu halkada bulunur ve C5H5N’ye heterosiklik bir yap\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r. C5H5N’nin yap\u0131s\u0131, kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kimyasal reaksiyonlardaki reaktivitesinin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Piridin form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h6>\n

Piridin’in kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C5H5N’dir. Bu form\u00fcl, bir piridin molek\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunan atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcrlerini temsil eder. Piridin form\u00fcl\u00fc, piridin i\u00e7eren kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131n stokiyometrisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra belirli bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken piridin miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Piridin’in molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h6>\n

Piridin’in molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 79,1 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, Avogadro say\u0131s\u0131 kadar molek\u00fcl (6,02 x 10^23) i\u00e7eren C5H5N’nin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn 79,1 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Molar k\u00fctle C5H5N’nin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir kimyasal reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken C5H5N miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Piridin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Piridin’in kaynama noktas\u0131 115,2\u00b0C’dir. C5H5N, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta u\u00e7ucu bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r, yani kolayca buharla\u015farak havaya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. C5H5N’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 kimyasal reaksiyonlarda kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc reaksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda C5H5N’nin buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n

Piridin erime noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Piridin’in erime noktas\u0131 -41,6\u00b0C’dir. C5H5N, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kat\u0131la\u015fabilir. C5H5N’nin erime noktas\u0131, kimyasal reaksiyonlarda kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc C5H5N’nin kat\u0131 halden s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ece\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n

Piridin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h6>\n

C5H5N’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,982 g\/mL’dir. Bu, bir mililitre C5H5N’nin 0,982 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. C5H5N’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, bir kimyasal reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken C5H5N hacminin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Piridin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h6>\n

C5H5N’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 79,1 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir C5H5N molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kimyasal reaksiyon i\u00e7in gerekli olan C5H5N miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0,982 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n bal\u0131k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 79,1 g\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,982 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -41,6\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 115,2\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 21\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n \u00c7o\u011fu organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 12,7 kPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 5.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Piridin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Piridin (C5H5N) tehlikeli bir kimyasald\u0131r ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Solunmas\u0131, yutulmas\u0131 ve ciltle temas\u0131 halinde toksiktir ve g\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve solunum sisteminde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. C5H5N de yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve havayla patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturabilir. C5H5N ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven ve solunum korumas\u0131 dahil uygun koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. C5H5N, tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzakta, serin, kuru ve iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir alanda saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kazara maruz kalma durumunda derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ba\u015fvurun. \u00c7evrenin kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun imha y\u00f6ntemleri takip edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n T, N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Zehirli, \u00e7evre i\u00e7in tehlikeli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1282 (piridin), UN2312 (piridin baz\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2933.39.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 6.1 (Zehirli maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n LD50 (oral, s\u0131\u00e7an): 891 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Piridin sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hantzsch dihidropiridin sentezi, chichibabin sentezi ve B\u00f6nnemann siklizasyonu dahil olmak \u00fczere piridin (C5H5N) sentezi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hantzsch dihidropiridin sentezi, bir aldehit, bir \u03b2-ketoester ve amonyak veya amonyum asetat\u0131n asetik asit veya piperidin gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Elde edilen dihidropiridin daha sonra C5H5N’yi olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere oksitlenir.<\/p>\n

Chichibabin sentezi, sodyum amid gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asetilenin amonyakla reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Elde edilen C5H5N daha sonra dam\u0131tma yoluyla safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6nnemann siklizasyonu, bir asetilen t\u00fcrevinin bir nitro bile\u015fi\u011fi ile bir paladyum veya nikel kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Elde edilen C5H5N daha sonra dam\u0131tma veya kromatografi yoluyla safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C5H5N’yi sentezlemek i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fka yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem, bir N-oksidin C5H5N olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesini i\u00e7eren Smiles yeniden d\u00fczenlemesidir.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her birinin kendi avantajlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve y\u00f6ntemin se\u00e7imi maliyet, hammaddelerin bulunabilirli\u011fi ve nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn istenen safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve verimi gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini almak ve belirlenmi\u015f protokolleri takip etmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Piridin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Piridin (C5H5N), farmas\u00f6tikler, tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131 ve polimer \u00fcretimi dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131ma sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u0130la\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinde C5H5N, antihistaminikler, antibiyotikler ve antikoag\u00fclanlar dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n sentezinde hammadde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar i\u00e7in solvent ve stabilizat\u00f6r olarak da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Zirai ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinde C5H5N, \u00e7e\u015fitli herbisitlerin, fungisitlerin ve b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sentezinde hammadde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca solvent olarak ve baz\u0131 hayvan yemi katk\u0131 maddelerinde bile\u015fen olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C5H5N ayr\u0131ca solvent, plastikle\u015ftirici veya \u00e7apraz ba\u011flama maddesi olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi polimer ve plastik \u00fcretiminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C5H5N’nin di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda belirli kimyasal reaksiyonlarda kataliz\u00f6r olarak, korozyon \u00f6nleyici olarak ve \u00e7e\u015fitli analitik ve sentetik prosed\u00fcrler i\u00e7in laboratuvar reaktifi olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C5H5N’nin \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve geni\u015f uygulama yelpazesi, onu bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstride de\u011ferli bir kimyasal haline getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, toksisitesi ve yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle C5H5N’yi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak ve onunla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken belirlenmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik protokollerini takip etmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Sorular:<\/strong><\/h6>\n
S: Piridin aromatik midir?<\/h6>\n

C: Evet, C5H5N, d\u00fczlemsel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve lokalize pi elektronlar\u0131 nedeniyle aromatik bir bile\u015fik olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

S: Piridin (C5H5N), Kb’si 1,7 x 10^-9 olan bir bazd\u0131r. 0,10 M piridin pH’\u0131 nedir?<\/h6>\n

C: 0,10 M piridin pH’\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in Kb: Kb = [H+][C5H5N]\/[C5H5NH+] ifadesini kullanabiliriz. C5H5N zay\u0131f bir baz oldu\u011fundan, [H+]’n\u0131n, [C5H5NH+]’ya k\u0131yasla ihmal edilebilir oldu\u011funu varsayabiliriz. Bu nedenle ifadeyi Kb = [OH-][C5H5N]\/[C5H5NH+] \u015feklinde basitle\u015ftirebiliriz. De\u011ferleri yerine koyarak Kb = (x^2)\/(0,10 \u2013 x) elde ederiz; burada x, hidroksit iyonu konsantrasyonudur. X’i \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde x = 1,0 x 10^-6 M elde ederiz. Bu nedenle 0,10 M C5H5N’nin pH’\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,0’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S: Piridin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir baz m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h6>\n

C: Hay\u0131r, C5H5N KB’si 1,7 x 10^-9 olan zay\u0131f bir bazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S: Piridin bazl\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h6>\n

C: Evet, C5H5N bir bazd\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir asitten protonlar\u0131 (H+) kabul edebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piridin veya C5H5N, alt\u0131 \u00fcyeli nitrojen i\u00e7eren bir halkaya sahip bir heterosiklik organik bile\u015fiktir. Zay\u0131f bir bazd\u0131r ve pestisitler ve farmas\u00f6tikler de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok yararl\u0131 bile\u015fi\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Piridin Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl C5H5N CAS numaras\u0131 110-86-1 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Azabenzen, Azin, Azinoline, Azol, Piridin, Piridin baz\u0131, Piridinyum InChI InChI=1S\/C5H5N\/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1\/h1-5H Piridin yap\u0131s\u0131 Piridin, … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPiridin - C5H5N, 110-86-1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Piridin veya C5H5N, alt\u0131 \u00fcyeli nitrojen i\u00e7eren bir halkaya sahip bir heterosiklik organik bile\u015fiktir. 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