{"id":531,"date":"2023-07-22T19:22:10","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T19:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/klor-cl2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T19:22:10","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T19:22:10","slug":"klor-cl2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/klor-cl2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cl2 \u2013 klor, 7782-50-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klor (Cl2) \u00e7ok reaktif ye\u015filimsi sar\u0131 bir gazd\u0131r. Su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda, dezenfektan olarak, PVC ve solventler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Diklor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n Cl2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 7782-50-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Molek\u00fcler klor, Klor, Cloro, Klor, Kloor, Cloreto de cloro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/Cl2\/c1-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Cl2 Molar k\u00fctle<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin veya klorun molar k\u00fctlesi, iki klor atomunun atomik k\u00fctlelerinin toplam\u0131 veya 70.906 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir kimyasal reaksiyon i\u00e7in gereken madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplarken veya farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yaparken Cl2’nin molar k\u00fctlesini bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Cl2\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 Cl2<\/h6>\n

Cl2, tek bir kovalent ba\u011f ile ba\u011flanan iki klor atomu ile do\u011frusal bir molek\u00fcler geometriye sahiptir. Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131, her biri \u00fc\u00e7 yaln\u0131z \u00e7ift i\u00e7eren iki Cl atomundan ve aralar\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lan bir elektron \u00e7iftinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Kaynama noktas\u0131 Cl2<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin kaynama noktas\u0131 standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta -34,04\u00b0C’dir (-29,27\u00b0F). Bu, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta gaz halinde Cl2 \u00fcreten nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir kaynama noktas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta kolayca s\u0131v\u0131ya veya kat\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fi i\u00e7in Cl2’yi kullan\u0131rken dikkatli olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Cl2 Erime noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin erime noktas\u0131 standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta -101,5\u00b0C’dir (-150,7\u00b0F). Bu, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta gaz halinde Cl2 \u00fcreten nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir erime noktas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta kolayca s\u0131v\u0131ya veya kat\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fi i\u00e7in Cl2’yi kullan\u0131rken dikkatli olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Cl2 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu standart s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta (STP) 0,003214 g\/mL’dir. Bu, Cl2’nin havadan \u00e7ok daha az yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu ve atmosfere y\u00fckselece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Cl2 bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 silindirlerde veya nitrojen gibi havadan a\u011f\u0131r gazlar i\u00e7eren tanklarda depolanabilir.<\/p>\n

Klorun molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 70.906 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu, Avogadro say\u0131s\u0131 kadar (6,022 x 10^23) molek\u00fcl i\u00e7eren bir mol Cl2’nin k\u00fctlesidir. Cl2’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyadaki stokiyometrik hesaplamalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Klorun yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin yap\u0131s\u0131 do\u011frusald\u0131r ve iki klor atomu kovalent bir ba\u011fla birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki klor atomu aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f uzunlu\u011fu 1,99 \u00c5ngstrom ve ba\u011f enerjisi 242 kJ\/mol’d\u00fcr. Cl2’nin elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyonu [Ne]3s23p5’tir ve her klor atomu ba\u011f \u00e7iftine bir elektron katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Klor form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h6>\n

Cl2’nin form\u00fcl\u00fc basit\u00e7e birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki Cl atomudur. Bu Cl-Cl veya Cl2 ile temsil edilir. Form\u00fcl, bir bile\u015fi\u011fin veya molek\u00fcl\u00fcn bile\u015fimini tan\u0131mlamak ve kimyadaki stokiyometrik hesaplamalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Ye\u015filimsi sar\u0131 gaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1,56 (s\u0131v\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n ye\u015filimsi sar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Keskin ve bo\u011fucu bir koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 70.906 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n STP’de 0,003214 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -101,5\u00b0C (-150,7\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -34,04\u00b0C (-29,27\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Yan\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 0,92 g\/100 mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Suda, etanolde, eterde, benzende ve bir\u00e7ok organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 102,44 kPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2,49 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n \u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n \u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Cl2 G\u00fcvenlik ve tehlikeler<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Klor, uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ciddi g\u00fcvenlik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleri olu\u015fturabilecek olduk\u00e7a reaktif bir gazd\u0131r. Ciddi solunum yolu tahri\u015fine ve g\u00f6zlerde, ciltte ve mukoza zarlar\u0131nda hasara neden olabilir. Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda klorun solunmas\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit edebilecek akci\u011fer \u00f6demine neden olabilir. Klor ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve metallere, plastiklere ve di\u011fer malzemelere zarar verebilir. Klorun g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6zl\u00fck, eldiven ve solunum cihaz\u0131 gibi uygun ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipmanlar giyilmelidir. Klor yaln\u0131zca iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan alanlarda kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve t\u00fcm kaplar uygun \u015fekilde etiketlenmeli ve g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Kurukafa ve k\u0131r\u0131k kemikler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Son derece zehirli ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gaz; ciddi solunum ve cilt tahri\u015fine neden olur; y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda solunmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2801.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n BEN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n \u00c7ok zehirli; y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlar\u0131n solunmas\u0131 akci\u011fer \u00f6demine neden olabilir ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Klor sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Tuzlu su elektrolizi, HCl oksidasyonu ve metal klor\u00fcrlerin termal ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere klor gaz\u0131n\u0131n sentezlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem, bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sodyum klor\u00fcr (NaCl) ve su (H2O) \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinden ge\u00e7irilmesini i\u00e7eren tuzlu su elektrolizidir. Bu i\u015flem anotta klor gaz\u0131 ve katotta hidrojen gaz\u0131 \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

Klor \u00fcretmenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, HCl’nin KMnO4 veya MnO2 gibi bir oksitleyici madde ile oksidasyonudur. Bu reaksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak klor gaz\u0131 ve su \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

MgCl2 veya FeCl3 gibi metal klor\u00fcrlerin termal ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, klor gaz\u0131 \u00fcretmenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu i\u015flem, metal klor\u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir, bu da onun ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve klor gaz\u0131 salmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak klor i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sentez y\u00f6ntemi, spesifik uygulamaya ve gaz\u0131n istenen safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem ne olursa olsun, klorun olduk\u00e7a reaktif ve toksik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Klorun kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Klor gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Klorun ana kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndan biri, yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir plastik malzeme olan polivinil klor\u00fcr\u00fcn (PVC) \u00fcretimidir. Klor ayr\u0131ca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lan kloroform ve karbon tetraklor\u00fcr gibi di\u011fer klor bile\u015fiklerinin \u00fcretiminde ve so\u011futucular\u0131n \u00fcretiminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Su ar\u0131tma end\u00fcstrisinde klor, i\u00e7me suyu ve at\u0131k sular\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda dezenfektan olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Klor gaz\u0131 bakteri ve vir\u00fcsleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmede etkilidir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sudaki organik bile\u015fikleri ve di\u011fer kirletici maddeleri oksitleyip uzakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t hamuru ve ka\u011f\u0131t end\u00fcstrisinde, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini beyazlatmak i\u00e7in a\u011fartma maddesi olarak klor gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Naylon ve polyester gibi tekstillerin \u00fcretiminde, boya ve pigment \u00fcretiminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Klor gaz\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 farmas\u00f6tik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretiminde ve metal y\u00fczeylerin soyulmas\u0131 ve temizlenmesi i\u00e7in metalurji end\u00fcstrisinde ba\u015fka uygulamalar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Ancak klorun tehlikeli yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle dikkatli bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S: Cl2 polar m\u0131 yoksa polar de\u011fil mi?<\/h6>\n

C: Cl2 polar olmayan bir molek\u00fcld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Soru: Klor bir metal midir?<\/h6>\n

C: Hay\u0131r, klor bir metal de\u011fildir. Halojendir ve metalik olmayan elementler grubuna aittir.<\/p>\n

Soru: Sofra tuzu olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in hangi yumu\u015fak metal klorla birle\u015fir?<\/h6>\n

C: Sodyum (Na), sofra tuzu (NaCl) \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in klor (Cl) ile birle\u015fen yumu\u015fak metaldir.<\/p>\n

S: Su nas\u0131l klorlan\u0131r?<\/h6>\n

C: Suyun klorlanmas\u0131 genellikle su kayna\u011f\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc miktarda klor gaz\u0131, sodyum hipoklorit veya kalsiyum hipoklorit eklenerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Eklenen klor miktar\u0131 suyun kalitesine ve istenen dezenfeksiyon seviyesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Klor, sudaki bakterilerle ve di\u011fer mikroorganizmalarla reaksiyona girerek onlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr ve suyu i\u00e7ilebilir hale getirir.<\/p>\n

Soru: A\u011fartma tozu elde etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi klor ile muamele edilir?<\/h6>\n

A: Kalsiyum oksit (CaO), a\u011fartma tozu (CaOCl2) elde etmek i\u00e7in klor (Cl2) ile i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klor (Cl2) \u00e7ok reaktif ye\u015filimsi sar\u0131 bir gazd\u0131r. Su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda, dezenfektan olarak, PVC ve solventler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Diklor Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl Cl2 CAS numaras\u0131 7782-50-5 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Molek\u00fcler klor, Klor, Cloro, Klor, Kloor, Cloreto de cloro InChI InChI=1S\/Cl2\/c1-2 Cl2 Molar k\u00fctle Cl2’nin veya klorun molar k\u00fctlesi, iki klor atomunun atomik k\u00fctlelerinin … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCl2 - Klor, 7782-50-5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Klor (Cl2) \u00e7ok reaktif ye\u015filimsi sar\u0131 bir gazd\u0131r. 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