{"id":500,"date":"2023-07-22T23:32:01","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T23:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/c4h9br-1-bromobutan\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T23:32:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T23:32:01","slug":"c4h9br-1-bromobutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/c4h9br-1-bromobutan\/","title":{"rendered":"C4h9br- 1-bromob\u00fctan, 109-65-9"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-Bromob\u00fctan, C4H9Br molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip renksiz s\u0131v\u0131 bir organik bile\u015fiktir. Organik sentezlerde alkilleyici ajan olarak ve end\u00fcstride solvent olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Butil brom\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C4H9Br<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 109-65-9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n 1-bromobutan, n-butil bromid, butil bromid, bromobutan, b\u00fctan, 1-bromo-, 109-65-9, 1-brombutan, 1-bromobutan, n-C4H9Br<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C4H9Br\/c1-2-3-4-5\/h2-4H2.1H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
1-Bromobutan molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h6>\n

1-Bromob\u00fctan’\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesi 137,03 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. 1-Bromob\u00fctan\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesini elde etmek i\u00e7in tek bir molek\u00fcldeki karbon, hidrojen ve bromun atomik k\u00fctlelerini ekleriz. Kimyasal hesaplamalar genellikle bir maddenin k\u00fctlesinin mol say\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini gerektirir ve bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in molar k\u00fctle esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1-Bromob\u00fctan yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h6>\n

1-bromobutan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu 25\u00b0C’de (77\u00b0F) 1,27 g\/mL’dir. Bu, maddenin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctlesidir. 1-Bromobutan\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu suyunkinden daha fazlad\u0131r ve sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden kolayca ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

1-bromobutan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

1-bromobutan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131 101\u00b0C’dir (214\u00b0F). S\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nca e\u015fit oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131daki molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1-bromobutan\u0131n kaynama noktas\u0131, onu organik kimyada yararl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve reaktif haline getirir.<\/p>\n

C4H9Br’nin erime noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

C4H9Br’nin erime noktas\u0131 -112\u00b0C’dir (-170\u00b0F). Maddenin kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 fazlar\u0131n\u0131n dengede oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Erime noktas\u0131 kat\u0131da mevcut olan molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. C4H9Br’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131 onu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 hale getirir ve kolayca i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 C4H9Br<\/p>\n

C4H9Br’nin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 137,03 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir reaksiyon i\u00e7in gerekli olan madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak veya elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\n
\"C4H9Br\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
1-bromobutan yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h6>\n

1-Bromobutan, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc karbon atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bir bromin atomu olan d\u00fcz zincirli bir alkil yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir. C4H9Br kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip organik bir bile\u015fiktir. 1-Bromobutan’\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 onun fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini ve organik reaksiyonlardaki reaktivitesini belirler.<\/p>\n

Form\u00fcl 1-Bromobutan<\/h6>\n

1-bromob\u00fctan\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H9Br’dir. Bu, molek\u00fclde bulunan atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. 1-bromob\u00fctan form\u00fcl\u00fc, kimyasal reaksiyonlardaki reaktivitesini ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 1,27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Karakteristik ve tatl\u0131 koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 137,03 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 1,27 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -112\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 101\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, eter, kloroformda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 25\u00b0C’de 10 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 4.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 16.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Do\u011fal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
1-Bromob\u00fctan G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

1-Bromobutan dikkatli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken tehlikeli bir kimyasald\u0131r. Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde zehirlidir ve temas halinde ciltte ve g\u00f6zde tahri\u015fe neden olabilir. Kimyasal ayn\u0131 zamanda yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131ya, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlara veya aleve maruz kalmas\u0131 durumunda yang\u0131n tehlikesi olu\u015fturabilir. 1-Bromob\u00fctanla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve laboratuvar \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar\u0131n giyilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Kimyasal serin, kuru, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda saklanmal\u0131 ve tutu\u015fturucu kaynaklardan uzak tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kazara maruz kalma durumunda, etkilenen b\u00f6lgeyi derhal suyla y\u0131kay\u0131n ve t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m al\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n T,F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan ve alevden uzak tutun. Koruyucu eldiven\/g\u00f6z korumas\u0131\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n. SOLUNDU\u011eUNDA: Kazazedeyi temiz havaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve nefes almas\u0131 kolay bir pozisyonda dinlenmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n. YUTULMASI HAL\u0130NDE: Kendinizi iyi hissetmiyorsan\u0131z ZEH\u0130R MERKEZ\u0130N\u0130 veya doktoru aray\u0131n. A\u011fz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7alkalay\u0131n. \u0130yi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda saklay\u0131n. Kendini tut. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi\/kab\u0131 yerel\/b\u00f6lgesel\/ulusal\/uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak at\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u0130R tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/td>\n UN1126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 290339<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde toksiktir. Cilt ve g\u00f6z tahri\u015fine neden olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

1-bromobutan sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h5>\n

C4H9Br, kataliz\u00f6r olarak s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit (H2SO4) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1-butanol ve hidrobromik asidin (HBr) reaksiyonuyla sentezlenebilir. Buna asit katalizli halojenasyon reaksiyonu denir. Reaksiyon \u015fu \u015fekilde ilerler:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. HBr, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1-b\u00fctanole eklenir.<\/li>\n
  2. HBr, 1-b\u00fctanol\u00fcn hidroksil grubunu protonlayarak iyi bir ayr\u0131lan grup (su) olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
  3. Ayr\u0131lan grup (su), HBr’nin brom\u00fcr iyonu (Br-) ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilir ve C4H9Br olu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n
  4. Reaksiyon kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 daha sonra C4H9Br’nin dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C4H9Br’yi sentezlemenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemi, b\u00fctenin, benzoil peroksit veya t-b\u00fctil peroksit gibi bir peroksit ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojen brom\u00fcr ile reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Buna serbest radikal halojenasyon reaksiyonu denir. Reaksiyon \u015fu \u015fekilde ilerler:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Buten, bir hidrojen brom\u00fcr ve bir peroksit ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na eklenir.<\/li>\n
    2. Peroksit ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 homolitik b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye u\u011frayarak iki reaktif radikal \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n
    3. Radikaller b\u00fctenin \u00e7ift ba\u011f\u0131na sald\u0131rarak bir brom\u00fcr radikali ve karbon merkezli bir radikal olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
    4. Brom\u00fcr radikali daha sonra karbon merkezli radikalle reaksiyona girerek C4H9Br’yi olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her ikisi de C4H9Br sentezi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn verimi elde etmek i\u00e7in optimize edilebilir. Ancak HBr ve peroksitler gibi tehlikeli kimyasallarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

      1-bromob\u00fctan\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      C4H9Br, \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve laboratuvar uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kimyasald\u0131r.<\/p>\n