{"id":481,"date":"2023-07-23T02:33:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T02:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/butanal-c4h8o-123-72-8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T02:33:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T02:33:33","slug":"butanal-c4h8o-123-72-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/butanal-c4h8o-123-72-8\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fctanal \u2013 c4h8o, 123-72-8"},"content":{"rendered":"

Butanal veya butiraldehit, C4H8O form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip organik bir bile\u015fiktir. Keskin bir kokuya sahip renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n sentezi i\u00e7in hammadde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n B\u00fctanal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C4H8O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 123-72-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Butiraldehit, b\u00fctirik aldehit, b\u00fctanaldehit, b\u00fctiral, N-b\u00fctanal, b\u00fctaldehit, b\u00fctiril hidrit, 1-b\u00fctanal, 1-b\u00fctiraldehit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C4H8O\/c1-2-3-4-5\/h4H,2-3H2,1H3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
\n
\"B\u00fctanal\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
B\u00fctanal yap\u0131<\/h6>\n

Butanal’in yap\u0131s\u0131, bir terminal aldehit grubunun (-CHO) ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6rt karbonlu bir zincirden olu\u015fur. Karbon atomlar\u0131, ilk karbona aldehit grubu eklenecek \u015fekilde s\u0131rayla numaraland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Butanal’in yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini belirler.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctanal IR spektrumu<\/h6>\n

Butanal’in k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi (IR) spektrumu, molek\u00fclde bulunan fonksiyonel gruplar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Butanal’in IR spektrumu, karbonil grubu (-C=O) i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1730 cm-1’de ve CH gerilme titre\u015fimleri i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 2800-3000 cm-1’de karakteristik tepe noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. IR spektrumu organik kimyada bile\u015fikleri tan\u0131mlamak ve karakterize etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctanalin molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h6>\n

Butanal’in molar k\u00fctlesi 72,11 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir bile\u015fi\u011fin molar k\u00fctlesi, o bile\u015fi\u011fin molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atomik k\u00fctlelerinin toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Butanal durumunda molar k\u00fctle, d\u00f6rt karbon atomu, sekiz hidrojen atomu ve bir oksijen atomunun atomik k\u00fctleleri toplanarak hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctanalin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Butanal’in kaynama noktas\u0131 75\u00b0C veya 167\u00b0F’dir. Bu, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fu ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Butanal nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir, bu da onu u\u00e7ucu hale getirir ve oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kolayca buharla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctanalin erime noktas\u0131<\/h6>\n

Butanal’in erime noktas\u0131 -97\u00b0C veya -143\u00b0F’dir. Bu, kat\u0131 bir maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. B\u00fctanalin erime noktas\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, yani oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir.<\/p>\n

Butiraldehitin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h6>\n

B\u00fctiraldehitin yo\u011funlu\u011fu 0,81 g\/mL’dir. Yo\u011funluk birim hacim ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctle miktar\u0131d\u0131r ve s\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in genellikle mililitre ba\u015f\u0131na gram cinsinden ifade edilir. B\u00fctiraldehitin yo\u011funlu\u011fu sudan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu da suyun y\u00fczeyinde y\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctiraldehitin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h6>\n

B\u00fctiraldehitin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 72,11 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molar k\u00fctle ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve bir b\u00fctiraldehit molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesini temsil eder. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyasal hesaplamalarda ve analizlerde kullan\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir parametredir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctiraldehit Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h6>\n

B\u00fctiraldehitin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C4H8O’dur. Bu form\u00fcl, bir b\u00fctiraldehit molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki her bir elementin atom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. B\u00fctiraldehitte d\u00f6rt karbon atomu, sekiz hidrojen atomu ve bir oksijen atomu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0.81g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Baharatl\u0131, keskin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 72,11 g\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0.81g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -97\u00b0C (-143\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 75\u00b0C (167\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -6,7\u00b0C (20\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, eter, asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 44 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 2,5 (hava=1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 16.92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 4.5-6.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
B\u00fctanalin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

B\u00fctiraldehit yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131ya veya aleve maruz kalmas\u0131 durumunda yang\u0131n tehlikesi olu\u015fturabilir. Ayr\u0131ca temas halinde g\u00f6z ve cilt tahri\u015fine neden olabilir ve buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131n tahri\u015f olmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, b\u00fctiraldehitin dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve eldiven ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi uygun ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Serin, kuru, iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir yerde, \u0131s\u0131 ve tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan uzakta saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 veya yutulmas\u0131 halinde derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ba\u015fvurun. \u00c7evrenin kirlenmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in b\u00fctiraldehit i\u00e7in uygun at\u0131k imha prosed\u00fcrlerinin takip edilmesi de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Alev, A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, Tahri\u015f Edici<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden\/s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Koruyucu eldiven\/g\u00f6z korumas\u0131\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n. C\u0130LT (veya sa\u00e7) \u0130LE TEMAS HAL\u0130NDE \u0130SE: Kirlenmi\u015f t\u00fcm giysileri derhal \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Cildi su\/du\u015f ile durulay\u0131n. Yang\u0131n durumunda: S\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kuru kimyevi toz kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN1125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2912.19.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Butanal, yutulmas\u0131, solunmas\u0131 veya deri yoluyla emilmesi halinde zararl\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6z ve cilt tahri\u015fine neden olabilir ve uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma karaci\u011fer ve b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Ayr\u0131ca hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda mutajenik ve kanserojen oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Maruziyeti ve kontaminasyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun kullan\u0131m ve imha \u00f6nemlidir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
B\u00fctanal sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Butiraldehit, birincil alkollerin oksidasyonu, alkenlerin ozonolizi ve alkenlerin hidroformilasyonu dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctiraldehit sentezlemenin yayg\u0131n bir y\u00f6ntemi, birincil alkollerin potasyum permanganat veya kromik asit gibi bir oksitleyici madde kullan\u0131larak oksidasyonudur. Birincil alkol ilk \u00f6nce piridinyum klorokromat gibi yumu\u015fak bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen aldehite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve daha sonra b\u00fctiraldehite oksitlenir. Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, daha sonra sodyum borohidrit gibi bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak b\u00fctiraldehite indirgenebilen aldehitler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in alkenlerin ozon ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Alkenlerin hidroformilasyonu da b\u00fctiraldehitin sentezlenmesinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu, alkenin, kobalt karbonil veya rodyum kompleksi gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda karbon monoksit ve hidrojen gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir. Elde edilen aldehit daha sonra lityum al\u00fcminyum hidrit gibi bir indirgeyici madde kullan\u0131larak b\u00fctiraldehite indirgenebilir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fctiraldehitin sentezlenmesine y\u00f6nelik di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131nda Grignard reaktiflerinin formaldehit ile reaksiyonunu ve ketonlar\u0131n bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda formik asit ve hidrojen gaz\u0131 ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak sentez y\u00f6nteminin se\u00e7imi, ham maddelerin mevcudiyeti, istenen verim ve safl\u0131k ve reaksiyon ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n fizibilitesi gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Butanalin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Butanal, reaktifli\u011fi ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc kokusu nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ve ticari kullan\u0131mlara sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Butanal’in \u00f6nemli bir kullan\u0131m\u0131, b\u00fctil akrilat ve n-butanol gibi di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde hammadde olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kimyasallar kaplama, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve plastik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Butanal ayr\u0131ca g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisinde aroma maddesi olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r; unlu mamuller, \u015fekerlemeler ve i\u00e7ecekler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnlere meyvemsi, elmaya benzer bir aroma sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca parf\u00fcm ve sabunlarda koku verici olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Butanal, organik sentezlerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak ve organik kimya reaksiyonlar\u0131nda reaktif olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Aldehitleri ikincil alkollere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ve karboksilik asitlerle reaksiyona girerek esterler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Butanal, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kokusu nedeniyle beyindeki koku alma resept\u00f6r\u00fc aktivasyonunun mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak Butanal’in do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmazsa g\u00fcvenlik riskleri olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini unutmamak ve kullan\u0131rken ve saklarken uygun \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini unutmamak gerekir. Genel olarak Butanal’in \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve benzersiz \u00f6zellikleri, onu \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir kimyasal haline getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sorular:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
S\u0131v\u0131 b\u00fctiraldehitin standart olu\u015fum entalpisi nedir, ch3ch2ch2cho(l)?<\/h6>\n

25\u00b0C’de s\u0131v\u0131 b\u00fctiraldehitin (CH3CH2CH2CHO(l)) standart olu\u015fum entalpisi (\u2206H\u00b0f) -146,6 kJ\/mol’d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu, kendisini olu\u015fturan elementlerin standart hallerinden (bu durumda karbon, hidrojen ve elementel formlar\u0131ndaki oksijen) 1 mol s\u0131v\u0131 b\u00fctiraldehidin olu\u015fumuyla ili\u015fkili entalpi de\u011fi\u015fiminin 25\u00b0C’de -146,6 kJ\/mol oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. . ve 1 atm bas\u0131n\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Negatif i\u015faret reaksiyonun ekzotermik oldu\u011funu, yani \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu de\u011fer, reaktan veya \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak b\u00fctiraldehit i\u00e7eren reaksiyonlar\u0131n entalpi de\u011fi\u015fimini hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Butanal veya butiraldehit, C4H8O form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip organik bir bile\u015fiktir. Keskin bir kokuya sahip renksiz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n sentezi i\u00e7in hammadde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 B\u00fctanal Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl C4H8O CAS numaras\u0131 123-72-8 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Butiraldehit, b\u00fctirik aldehit, b\u00fctanaldehit, b\u00fctiral, N-b\u00fctanal, b\u00fctaldehit, b\u00fctiril hidrit, 1-b\u00fctanal, 1-b\u00fctiraldehit InChI InChI=1S\/C4H8O\/c1-2-3-4-5\/h4H,2-3H2,1H3 B\u00fctanal yap\u0131 Butanal’in yap\u0131s\u0131, bir terminal … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nButanal-C4H8O, 123-72-8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Butanal veya butiraldehit, C4H8O form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip organik bir bile\u015fiktir. 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