{"id":468,"date":"2023-07-23T04:52:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T04:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/n2h4-hidrazin\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T04:52:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T04:52:12","slug":"n2h4-hidrazin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/n2h4-hidrazin\/","title":{"rendered":"N2h4 – hidrazin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hidrazin veya N2H4, nitrojen ve hidrojenden olu\u015fan renksiz, olduk\u00e7a reaktif bir bile\u015fiktir. \u0130la\u00e7larda ve tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131nda roket itici olarak ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda indirgeyici madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Hidrazin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n N2H4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 302-01-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Diamin; Diazane; Azot hidrit; Susuz hidrazin; Susuz hidrazin; Hidrazinyum hidroksit; Hidrazin hidratl\u0131; Metilhidrazin; Simetrik hidrazin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/H4N2\/c1-2\/h2H,1H2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 N2H4: <\/h6>\n
\n
\"n2h4\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hidrazinin Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 molek\u00fcldeki elektronlar\u0131n dizili\u015fini g\u00f6sterir. Yap\u0131, her biri bir \u00e7ift serbest elektrona sahip iki nitrojen atomu ve d\u00f6rt hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fur. \u0130ki nitrojen atomu tek bir kovalent ba\u011fla birle\u015ftirilir ve her nitrojen atomu da iki hidrojen atomuna ba\u011flan\u0131r. Hidrazinin Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 onun reaktivitesini ve \u00f6zelliklerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Bile\u015fik N2H4’\u00fcn ad\u0131:<\/h6>\n

N2H4 bile\u015fi\u011finin ad\u0131 hidrazindir. Ad\u0131, hidrazinin hidrojen ve nitrojen atomlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir bile\u015fik olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Hidrazin ayr\u0131ca diamin, diazane ve nitrojen hidrit dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli di\u011fer isimlerle de bilinir.<\/p>\n

Molar k\u00fctle N2H4:<\/h6>\n

N2H4 molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip hidrazinin molar k\u00fctlesi 32,04 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. \u0130ki nitrojen atomu ve d\u00f6rt hidrojen atomundan olu\u015fan nispeten hafif bir bile\u015fiktir. Hidrazin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molar k\u00fctlesi, y\u00fcksek bir itme-a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, genellikle roket yak\u0131t\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n

Hidrazinin kaynama noktas\u0131:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazin, atmosferik bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 113,5 \u00b0C (236,3 \u00b0F) kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, hidrazinin kolayca buharla\u015fabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir ve bu da onu tehlikeli hale getirebilir. Hidrazin \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nitrojen gaz\u0131na ve hidrojen gaz\u0131na ayr\u0131\u015fabilir ve bu da onu tehlikeli hale getirebilir.<\/p>\n

Hidrazinin erime noktas\u0131:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazinin erime noktas\u0131 -51,7 \u00b0C’dir (-61,06 \u00b0F). Bu, hidrazinin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kolayca kat\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir ve bu da i\u015flenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

Hidrazin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazin yo\u011funlu\u011fu oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 1,00 g\/mL’dir. Bu, hidrazinin, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,00 g\/mL olan sudan biraz daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Hidrazinin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazinin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 32.04 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bu de\u011fer, kimyasal reaksiyonlarda ve di\u011fer uygulamalarda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan hidrazin miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hidrazinin yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazinin yap\u0131s\u0131, tek bir kovalent ba\u011f ile birbirine ba\u011flanan iki nitrojen atomundan olu\u015fur ve her nitrojen atomu, ayn\u0131 zamanda iki hidrojen atomuna da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, hidrazine simetrik V \u015feklinde bir molek\u00fcler yap\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Hidrazinin yap\u0131s\u0131, reaktivitesinde ve \u00f6zelliklerinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Hidrazin Form\u00fcl\u00fc:<\/h6>\n

Hidrazinin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc N2H4’t\u00fcr. Bu form\u00fcl hidrazinin iki nitrojen atomu ve d\u00f6rt hidrojen atomundan olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Form\u00fcl, kimyasal denklemlerde ve reaksiyonlarda hidrazini temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz ila soluk sar\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1,00 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Amonyak kokusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 32,04 g\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1,00 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -51,7\u00b0C (-61,06\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 113,5\u00b0C (236,3\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 38\u00b0C (100\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, dietil eter, kloroformda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 72 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 1,0 (hava=1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Temel (pH > 7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Hidrazin G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hidrazin, dikkatli kullan\u0131m ve depolama gerektiren olduk\u00e7a reaktif ve tehlikeli bir bile\u015fiktir. Toksiktir ve cilt, g\u00f6z veya mukoza ile temas\u0131 halinde ciddi yan\u0131klara neden olabilir. Hidrazin buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca solunum yolu tahri\u015fine, akci\u011fer hasar\u0131na neden olabilir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir. Hidrazin ayr\u0131ca yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle oksitleyici maddeler gibi belirli malzemelerle temas etti\u011finde kolayca tutu\u015fabilir. Bu tehlikeler nedeniyle, hidrazinin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve yaln\u0131zca iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan alanlarda, uygun g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f kalifiye profesyoneller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Kafatas\u0131 ve kemiklerin, alev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Yaln\u0131zca iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlarda kullan\u0131n. Eldiven, k\u0131yafet ve g\u00f6z\/y\u00fcz korumas\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Cilt, g\u00f6z ve giysilerle temas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Is\u0131dan, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan ve alevden uzak tutun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n BM 2030<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 282510<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 6.1 (Zehirli maddeler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131, solunmas\u0131 ve ciltle temas\u0131 halinde \u00e7ok toksiktir. Ciddi yan\u0131klara ve doku hasar\u0131na neden olabilir. Uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma karaci\u011fer ve b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na neden olabilir ve potansiyel olarak kanserojen olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Hidrazin Sentez Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Hidrazin, istenen safl\u0131\u011fa ve spesifik uygulamaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir. Hidrazin sentezlemenin baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Raschig Prosesi: Bu y\u00f6ntem, amonyak ve sodyum hipokloritin bak\u0131r veya nikel gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  2. Olin-Raschig S\u00fcreci: Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, hidrazin hidrat \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u00fcre ve hidroklorik asidin reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  3. Ketazin i\u015flemi: Bu i\u015flem, Raney nikeli gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asetonun amonyakla reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  4. Peroksit i\u015flemi: Bu i\u015flem, platin veya paladyum gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojen peroksit ve amonya\u011f\u0131n reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  5. Bayer i\u015flemi: Bu i\u015flem, bak\u0131r veya nikel gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sodyum hipokloritin \u00fcre ile reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  6. Houben-Hoesch reaksiyonu: Bu reaksiyon, nitr\u00f6z asidin \u00e7inko gibi bir indirgeyici ajan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda amonyakla reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Her y\u00f6ntemin kendine g\u00f6re avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve y\u00f6ntemin se\u00e7imi maliyet, verim, safl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik hususlar\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Hidrazin tehlikeli bir madde oldu\u011fundan ve do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk olu\u015fturabilece\u011finden, hidrazin sentezi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Hidrazin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    N2H4, benzersiz kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel, ticari ve askeri uygulamalara sahiptir. N2H4’\u00fcn baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u015eirketler, y\u00fcksek enerji i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle N2H4’\u00fc roket yak\u0131t\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
    2. N2H4, aralar\u0131nda naylon ve Kevlar’\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 polimerlerin \u00fcretiminde polimerizasyon maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    3. Kimyac\u0131lar N2H4’\u00fc kimyasal sentez reaksiyonlar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle farmas\u00f6tiklerin, pestisitlerin ve di\u011fer organik bile\u015fiklerin \u00fcretiminde indirgeyici madde olarak kullan\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n
    4. N2H4, metal kaplama i\u015flemlerinde, \u00f6zellikle nikel kaplamada indirgeyici madde olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
    5. Su ar\u0131tma tesisleri, \u00f6zellikle kazanlarda ve so\u011futma kulelerinde N2H4’\u00fc oksijen tutucu olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    6. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle siyah beyaz foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta N2H4’\u00fc foto\u011fraf geli\u015ftirici olarak kullan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
    7. Araba \u00fcreticileri, otomobil hava yast\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerinde \u015fi\u015firici olarak N2H4’e g\u00fcveniyor.<\/li>\n
    8. End\u00fcstriler, \u00f6zellikle elektronik end\u00fcstrisinde, belirli ekipman ve y\u00fczeyler i\u00e7in temizlik maddesi olarak N2H4’\u00fc kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Hidrazin bir\u00e7ok yararl\u0131 uygulamaya sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ayn\u0131 zamanda tehlikeli bir maddedir ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hidrazin kullan\u0131l\u0131rken uygun g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ve ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bunlar yaln\u0131zca uygun g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f kalifiye profesyoneller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Sorular:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
      N2H4’teki N’nin oksidasyon numaras\u0131 (oksidasyon durumu) nedir?<\/h6>\n

      N2H4’te N’nin oksidasyon say\u0131s\u0131 (oksidasyon durumu) -2’dir. Her hidrojen atomunun oksidasyon numaras\u0131 +1’dir ve N2H4 n\u00f6tr bir molek\u00fcl oldu\u011fundan t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n oksidasyon numaralar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r. N2H4’te iki nitrojen atomu bulundu\u011fundan molek\u00fcldeki nitrojenin toplam oksidasyon say\u0131s\u0131 -4’t\u00fcr. Bu nedenle her nitrojen atomunun oksidasyon say\u0131s\u0131 -2’dir ve bu da hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n oksidasyon say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dengeler.<\/p>\n

      N2H4 bile\u015fi\u011finin ad\u0131 nedir?<\/h6>\n

      N2H4 bile\u015fi\u011fine genel olarak hidrazin denir.<\/p>\n

      Hidrazinin (n2h4) hidrojen peroksite (h2o2) ve hidrazinin suya molar oranlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/h6>\n

      Hidrazinin (N2H4) hidrojen peroksite (H2O2) ve hidrazinin suya molar oranlar\u0131, ilgili reaksiyonlar\u0131n dengeli kimyasal denklemlerinden belirlenebilir.<\/p>\n

      Hidrazin hidrojen peroksit ile reaksiyona girdi\u011finde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dengeli denkleme g\u00f6re nitrojen gaz\u0131 (N2), su (H2O) ve oksijen gaz\u0131 (O2) \u00fcretir:<\/p>\n

      N2H4 + H2O2 \u2192 N2 + 2H2O + O2<\/p>\n

      Bu denkleme g\u00f6re hidrazinin hidrojen peroksite molar oran\u0131 1:1’dir. Bu, reaksiyonda kullan\u0131lan her bir mol hidrazine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir mol hidrojen peroksitin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

      Hidrazin suyla reaksiyona girdi\u011finde N2H4\u00b7H2O kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne sahip hidrazin hidrat\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu reaksiyonun dengeli kimyasal denklemi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

      N2H4 + H2O \u2192 N2H4\u00b7H2O<\/p>\n

      Bu denkleme g\u00f6re hidrazin\/su molar oran\u0131 1:1’dir. Bu, reaksiyonda kullan\u0131lan her bir mol hidrazin i\u00e7in bir mol su t\u00fcketildi\u011fi ve bir mol hidrazin hidrat\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Hidrazin veya N2H4, nitrojen ve hidrojenden olu\u015fan renksiz, olduk\u00e7a reaktif bir bile\u015fiktir. \u0130la\u00e7larda ve tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131nda roket itici olarak ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda indirgeyici madde olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Hidrazin Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl N2H4 CAS numaras\u0131 302-01-2 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Diamin; Diazane; Azot hidrit; Susuz hidrazin; Susuz hidrazin; Hidrazinyum hidroksit; Hidrazin hidratl\u0131; Metilhidrazin; Simetrik hidrazin InChI InChI=1S\/H4N2\/c1-2\/h2H,1H2 Lewis … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nN2H4 - Hidrazin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hidrazin veya N2H4, nitrojen ve hidrojenden olu\u015fan renksiz, olduk\u00e7a reaktif bir bile\u015fiktir. 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