{"id":450,"date":"2023-07-23T07:57:19","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T07:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/c2h6o-etanol\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T07:57:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T07:57:19","slug":"c2h6o-etanol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/c2h6o-etanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Etanol (etil alkol) \u2013 c2h6o, 64-17-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Etanol veya C2H6O, bitki materyallerinden elde edilen ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla biyoyak\u0131t veya solvent olarak kullan\u0131lan renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 bir alkold\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir maddedir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n Etanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C2H6O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 64-17-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Etil alkol, tah\u0131l alkol\u00fc, EtOH, alkol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C2H6O\/c1-2-3\/h3H,2H2,1H3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Etanolun \u00f6zellikleri<\/h2>\n

Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 C2H6O<\/h3>\n

C2H6O (etanol olarak da bilinir) i\u00e7in Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi \u00e7izilebilir:<\/p>\n

HH<\/p>\n

| |<\/p>\n

HCCOH<\/p>\n

| |<\/p>\n

HH<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131da iki karbon atomu birbirine tek bir kovalent ba\u011fla ba\u011flan\u0131r. Her karbon atomu ayr\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 hidrojen atomuna ve bir karbon atomu bir oksijen atomuna ba\u011flan\u0131r. Oksijen atomu karbon atomuna tek bir kovalent ba\u011f ile ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve iki \u00e7ift serbest elektrona sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131, molek\u00fcldeki her atomun de\u011ferlik kabu\u011funda sekiz elektrona sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten oktet kural\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlik kabuklar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt elektron bulunurken, hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n her birinde birer elektron bulunur. Oksijen atomunun alt\u0131 de\u011ferlik elektronu vard\u0131r ve iki ek yaln\u0131z \u00e7iftle birlikte oktet kural\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

C2H6O Molar K\u00fctle<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 46,07 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Bir maddenin molar k\u00fctlesi, o maddenin bir mol\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fctlesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Etanol durumunda, bir mol etanol yakla\u015f\u0131k 46.07 gram madde i\u00e7erir. Molar k\u00fctle, kimyasal hesaplamalarda yararl\u0131 bir parametredir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir maddenin k\u00fctlesi ile molleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme izin verir.<\/p>\n

Etanol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yakla\u015f\u0131k 78,5\u00b0C’dir (173,3\u00b0F). Bu nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel proseste faydal\u0131 olan etanol\u00fcn buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin etanol, farmas\u00f6tiklerin, parf\u00fcmlerin ve di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etanol\u00fcn Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k -114,1\u00b0C’dir (-173,4\u00b0F). Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, etanol\u00fc oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 hale getirir, bu nedenle genellikle s\u0131v\u0131 formda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc veya yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Etanol\u00fcn erime noktas\u0131 suyunkinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu da etanol\u00fcn otomobil so\u011futma sistemlerinde antifriz olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etanol yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu standart s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,789 g\/mL’dir. Bu, bir mililitre etanol\u00fcn 0,789 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Etanol\u00fcn yo\u011funlu\u011fu, standart s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1 g\/mL olan suyunkinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu, etanol\u00fcn suyun y\u00fczeyinde y\u00fczece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Etanol Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 46,07 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir molek\u00fcldeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Etanolde iki karbon atomu, alt\u0131 hidrojen atomu ve bir oksijen atomu bulunur. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir maddenin belirli bir k\u00fctlesindeki mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"C2H6O\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Etanol\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda iki karbon atomu tek bir ba\u011fla ba\u011flan\u0131r ve her karbon atomuna \u00fc\u00e7 hidrojen atomu ba\u011flan\u0131r. Ek olarak oksijen atomuna bir hidrojen atomu ba\u011flan\u0131r. Molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131n d\u00fczeni genellikle CH3CH2OH ile temsil edilir.<\/p>\n

Etanol form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Etanol\u00fcn kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc C2H6O’dur. Bu form\u00fcl molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. Form\u00fcl, etanol\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra belirli bir madde k\u00fctlesindeki etanol\u00fcn mol say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Form\u00fcl ayn\u0131 zamanda etanol\u00fcn di\u011fer kimyasallarla reaksiyonlardaki kimyasal davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in de faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 0,789<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Karakteristik koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 46,07 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 0,789 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n -114,1\u00b0C (-173,4\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n Standart bas\u0131n\u00e7ta 78,5\u00b0C (173,3\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 13\u00b0C (55\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Polar ve polar olmayan solventlerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 20\u00b0C’de 44,6 kPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 1,59 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 15,9 ila 25\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n 7 (n\u00f6tr)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Etanol g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Etanol yan\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmazsa yang\u0131n ve patlama tehlikesi yaratabilir. Etanol buharlar\u0131 da kolayl\u0131kla tutu\u015fabilir ve ciddi bir yang\u0131n tehlikesi olu\u015fturabilir. Etanol yutulmas\u0131 halinde de zararl\u0131 olabilir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimi alkol zehirlenmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda etanol buhar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesine, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na ve mide bulant\u0131s\u0131na neden olabilir. Etanole uzun s\u00fcre maruz kalmak da ciltte tahri\u015fe ve kurumaya neden olabilir. Etanol, tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131ndan ve uyumsuz maddelerden uzakta, serin ve iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lan bir alanda saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Etanolle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven ve koruyucu g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n F, Xi, Flam. S\u0131v\u0131. 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n Is\u0131dan, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan, a\u00e7\u0131k alevden ve s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Sigara \u0130\u00e7mek Yasakt\u0131r. Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 elektrik, havaland\u0131rma ve ayd\u0131nlatma ekipman\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Buharlar\u0131 solumaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Koruyucu eldiven, koruyucu g\u00f6zl\u00fck kullan\u0131n. Yang\u0131n durumunda: S\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kuru kimyevi toz, CO2, su spreyi veya k\u00f6p\u00fck kullan\u0131n. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi\/kab\u0131 yerel\/b\u00f6lgesel\/ulusal\/uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak at\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u0130R tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/td>\n UN1170<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2207.10.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Etanol b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda yutuldu\u011funda veya solundu\u011funda toksik olabilir. Uzun s\u00fcreli maruz kalma ayn\u0131 zamanda cildin tahri\u015f olmas\u0131na ve kurumas\u0131na neden olabilir. Kronik yutma alkolizme ve di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n


Etanol sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Etanol, fermantasyon, do\u011frudan etilen hidrasyonu ve biyok\u00fctle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Fermantasyon, etanol \u00fcretmenin en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemidir ve \u015fekerlerin ve di\u011fer karbonhidratlar\u0131n maya gibi mikroorganizmalar taraf\u0131ndan etanole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu i\u015flem m\u0131s\u0131r, arpa ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi mahsullerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u0131da at\u0131klar\u0131 ve tar\u0131m art\u0131klar\u0131 gibi at\u0131k malzemelerden etanol \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Etilenin do\u011frudan hidrasyonu, etanol \u00fcretmenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu i\u015flemde etilen<\/a> , etanol olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere fosforik asit<\/a> gibi bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda suyla reaksiyona girer. Bu y\u00f6ntem end\u00fcstriyel ortamlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve fermantasyondan daha verimlidir.<\/p>\n

Biyok\u00fctle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, etanol \u00fcretmenin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemidir ve tala\u015f, \u00e7imen ve tar\u0131m art\u0131klar\u0131 gibi bitki materyallerinin etanole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7erir. \u0130\u015flem, bitki materyalindeki sel\u00fcloz ve hemisel\u00fclozun, etanole fermente edilebilecek basit \u015fekerlere par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Etanol \u00fcretmenin di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131nda katalitik karbon dioksit d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve elektrokimyasal karbondioksit azalt\u0131m\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her birinin avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve y\u00f6ntemin se\u00e7imi hammadde bulunabilirli\u011fi, maliyet ve etkinlik gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Fermantasyon, maliyet etkinli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi nedeniyle etanol \u00fcretiminde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Etanol kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Etanol\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel, ticari ve ki\u015fisel kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Etanol, benzin katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oktan seviyelerini art\u0131r\u0131r ve emisyonlar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Etanol, farmas\u00f6tik, kozmetik ve ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretiminde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir solventtir.<\/li>\n
  3. Bira, \u015farap ve alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler gibi alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ecekler aktif madde olarak etanol i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  4. El dezenfektanlar\u0131, y\u00fczey temizleyicileri ve di\u011fer temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, etkili bir dezenfektan olarak etanol\u00fc kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. Etanol, u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131n, aromalar\u0131n ve di\u011fer do\u011fal bile\u015fiklerin ekstraksiyonunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. \u00dcreticiler etanol\u00fc asetik asit ve etilen gibi di\u011fer kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde hammadde olarak kullan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
  7. Parf\u00fcmler, losyonlar ve sa\u00e7 bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri gibi ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde koruyucu ve koku maddesi olarak etanol kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  8. Kimya laboratuvarlar\u0131 genellikle solvent ve reaktif olarak etanol kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  9. Otomotiv ve di\u011fer so\u011futma sistemleri, antifriz maddesi olarak etanol kullanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    Bir etanol molek\u00fcl\u00fc (C2H6O) ka\u00e7 atomdan olu\u015fur?<\/h6>\n

    Bir etanol molek\u00fcl\u00fc (C2H6O) 9 atomdan olu\u015fur: 2 karbon atomu, 6 hidrojen atomu ve 1 oksijen atomu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Etanol veya C2H6O, bitki materyallerinden elde edilen ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla biyoyak\u0131t veya solvent olarak kullan\u0131lan renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 bir alkold\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7eceklerde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir maddedir. IUPAC Ad\u0131 Etanol Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl C2H6O CAS numaras\u0131 64-17-5 E\u015f anlaml\u0131 Etil alkol, tah\u0131l alkol\u00fc, EtOH, alkol InChI InChI=1S\/C2H6O\/c1-2-3\/h3H,2H2,1H3 Etanolun \u00f6zellikleri Lewis yap\u0131s\u0131 C2H6O C2H6O (etanol olarak … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nEtanol (etil alkol) - C2H6O, 64-17-5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Etanol veya C2H6O, bitki materyallerinden elde edilen, \u00e7o\u011funlukla biyoyak\u0131t veya solvent olarak kullan\u0131lan, renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 bir alkold\u00fcr.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/c2h6o-etanol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Etanol (etil alkol) - 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