{"id":413,"date":"2023-07-23T14:00:11","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T14:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sulfurik-asit-vitriol-yagi-h2so4\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T14:00:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T14:00:11","slug":"sulfurik-asit-vitriol-yagi-h2so4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sulfurik-asit-vitriol-yagi-h2so4\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, vitriol ya\u011f\u0131 \u2013 h2so4, 7664-93-9"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit (H2SO4) veya vitriol ya\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcbre \u00fcretimi, petrol rafinasyonu ve metal i\u015fleme gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel i\u015flemlerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan olduk\u00e7a a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mineral asittir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dehidrasyon ajan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/strong><\/td>\n H2SO4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 7664-93-9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Vitriol ya\u011f\u0131, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit anhidrit, bis\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/strong><\/td>\n InChI=1S\/H2O4S\/c2-1(3)4\/h(H2,2,3,4)\/p-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik Asit Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc, iki hidrojen atomunu, bir k\u00fck\u00fcrt atomunu ve d\u00f6rt oksijen atomunu temsil eden H2SO4’t\u00fcr. Bu form\u00fcl, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn bile\u015fimini ve kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik Asitin molar k\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin molar k\u00fctlesi 98,08 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitin (H2SO4) kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki her bir elementin atomik k\u00fctlelerinin eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitin kaynama noktas\u0131 337,1\u00b0C’dir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131 atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r ve kaynamaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin erime noktas\u0131 10,4\u00b0C’dir. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok viskoz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r, ancak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda donarak kat\u0131 hal olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, konsantrasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1,84 g\/mL ila 1,93 g\/mL aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitin konsantrasyonu artt\u0131k\u00e7a yo\u011funlu\u011fu da artar.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"S\u00fclf\u00fcrik<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 98,08 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Her elementin atomik k\u00fctlelerinin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcne (H2SO4) eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit molek\u00fcl\u00fc, bir s\u00fclf\u00fcr (S) atomuna ba\u011fl\u0131 iki hidrojen (H) atomundan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00f6rt oksijen (O) atomuna da ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fur. D\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc bir molek\u00fcler geometriye sahiptir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dehidrasyon maddesidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/strong><\/td>\n Berrak, renksiz, ya\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/strong><\/td>\n 1,84 (su = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/strong><\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/strong><\/td>\n Keskin ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt kokusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/strong><\/td>\n 98.079 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.835 g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 10,5\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 337\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 60\u00b0C (140\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/td>\n Tamamen kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/td>\n Su ve alkolde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 40 mmHg (20\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/td>\n 2,5 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/strong><\/td>\n -3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/strong><\/td>\n 1’den az (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asidik)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
S\u00fclf\u00fcrik Asitin G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h5>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit olduk\u00e7a a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve tehlikeli bir maddedir. Cilt ve g\u00f6zlerle temas\u0131 ciddi yan\u0131klara ve k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe neden olabilir. Buharlar\u0131n\u0131n solunmas\u0131 solunum sistemini tahri\u015f edebilir ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe, h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131ya ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olabilir. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve reaktiftir ve iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda, eldiven ve g\u00f6z korumas\u0131 gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar kullan\u0131larak dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fczeylere zarar vermemek ve potansiyel olarak insanlara zarar vermemek i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fclmeler derhal temizlenmelidir. G\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in uygun depolama ve etiketleme gereklidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/strong><\/td>\n A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, Tahri\u015f Edici, Zararl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Is\u0131dan\/k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan\/a\u00e7\u0131k alevden\/s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerden uzak tutun. Sigara \u0130\u00e7mek Yasakt\u0131r. \u0130yi havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alanda saklay\u0131n. Kab\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ca kapal\u0131 tutun. Koruyucu eldiven\/koruyucu k\u0131yafet\/g\u00f6z koruyucu\/y\u00fcz koruyucu kullan\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n UN1830<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/strong><\/td>\n 2815.11.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/strong><\/td>\n II<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/strong><\/td>\n A\u011f\u0131zdan: LD50 = 1,2 g\/kg (S\u0131\u00e7an)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit sentezi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H2SO4, temas i\u015flemi ve ana oda i\u015flemi de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Temas i\u015flemi, s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir; bu y\u00f6ntem, s\u00fclf\u00fcr dioksitin s\u00fclf\u00fcr trioksite oksidasyonunu ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00fclf\u00fcr trioksitin su ile reaksiyona girerek H2SO4 \u00fcretmesini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan kur\u015fun odas\u0131 i\u015flemi, bir kataliz\u00f6r (genellikle kur\u015fun dioksit) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksitin nitrojen dioksit ile oksidasyonunu ve daha sonra elde edilen k\u00fck\u00fcrt trioksitin suyla reaksiyona sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Her iki y\u00f6ntem de, gerekti\u011finde daha fazla safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilen ve konsantre edilebilen, farkl\u0131 safl\u0131k ve konsantrasyon seviyelerinde H2SO4 \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik Asitin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H2SO4 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kimyasald\u0131r ve \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar genellikle g\u00fcbre, deterjan, boya ve pigment \u00fcretiminde s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit kullan\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin rafine edilmesinde, minerallerin ve cevherlerin i\u015flenmesinde, nitrik asit ve s\u00fclfatlar gibi kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde de rol oynar. Laboratuvarlar H2SO4’\u00fc reaktif olarak kullan\u0131r ve kimyasal reaksiyonlarda kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kur\u015fun asitli ak\u00fclerde elektrolit olarak s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7elik \u00fcreticileri bunu kaplama veya boyama \u00f6ncesinde pas\u0131 ve tortuyu gidermek i\u00e7in dekapaj amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak H2SO4 bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar ve bu da onu d\u00fcnyadaki en \u00f6nemli kimyasallardan biri yapar.<\/p>\n

Sorular:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit midir?<\/h3>\n

Evet H2SO4 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asittir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asit, suda tamamen ayr\u0131\u015farak hidrojen iyonlar\u0131 (H+) \u00fcreten asittir; yani t\u00fcm hidrojen iyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye verir. En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asitlerden biri olarak kabul edilen s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, y\u00fcksek asit seviyesine sahiptir, bu da onu \u00e7ok reaktif ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yapar. \u0130nsanlara ve \u00e7evreye zarar vermemek i\u00e7in s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin uygun \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesi ve depolanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstrilerde ve uygulamalarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. H2SO4’\u00fcn en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n