{"id":406,"date":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nitrik-asit-hno3\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","slug":"nitrik-asit-hno3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nitrik-asit-hno3\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrik asit \u2013 hno3, 7697-37-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nitrik asit (HNO3) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve olduk\u00e7a reaktif bir inorganik asittir. G\u00fcbrelerde, patlay\u0131c\u0131larda ve tekstil boyama ve bask\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda biyolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde ve yanma reaksiyonlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynayan nitratlar\u0131 da olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Nitrik asit<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/strong><\/td>\n HNO3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 7697-37-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Aqua fortis, Nitre ruhu, Nitr\u00f6z asit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/strong><\/td>\n InChI=1S\/HNO3\/c2-1(3)4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Nitrik asidin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrik Asit Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asidin molar k\u00fctlesi 63.01 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. 12 gram saf karbon-12 ile ayn\u0131 say\u0131da varl\u0131k (atom, molek\u00fcl veya iyon gibi) i\u00e7eren madde miktar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitrik Asit Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asidin kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fc HNO<sub>3<\/sub>’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcldeki atomlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eder. Form\u00fcl, kaynama noktas\u0131, erime noktas\u0131 ve yo\u011funluk gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Nitrik asidin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asidin kaynama noktas\u0131 83,0\u00b0C’dir (181,4\u00b0F). Belirli bir bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bir maddenin s\u0131v\u0131 halden gaz haline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitrik asit olduk\u00e7a reaktif ve u\u00e7ucu bir maddedir ve kaynama noktas\u0131, hangi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve saklanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Nitrik asidin erime noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asidin erime noktas\u0131 -41,5\u00b0C’dir (-42,7\u00b0F). Kat\u0131 bir maddenin hal de\u011fi\u015ftirerek s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitrik asidin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 formda i\u015flenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitrik asit yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/ml<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asidin yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,51 g\/mL’dir. Bir maddenin birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00fctle miktar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nitrik asidin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, depolama ve ta\u015f\u0131ma gereksinimlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer maddelerle reaksiyona girme potansiyelinin belirlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Nitrik Asit Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"HNO3\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Nitrik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 63.01 g\/mol’d\u00fcr. Molek\u00fcldeki tek tek atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Nitrik asidin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Nitrik asitin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nitrik asit renksiz, olduk\u00e7a reaktif ve u\u00e7ucu bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 bir nitrojen atomu, bir hidrojen atomu ve \u00fc\u00e7 oksijen atomundan olu\u015fur ve HNO3 kimyasal form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Oksijen atomlar\u0131 nitrojen atomunun etraf\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7gen d\u00fczlemsel bir d\u00fczende d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/strong><\/td>\n Renksiz s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/strong><\/td>\n 1,51 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/strong><\/td>\n Renksiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/strong><\/td>\n Keskin, keskin koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/strong><\/td>\n 63,01 g\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/strong><\/td>\n 1,51 gr\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n -41,5\u00b0C (-42,7\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 83,0\u00b0C (181,4\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Uygulanamaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/td>\n kar\u0131\u015fabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/td>\n Alkol, eter ve di\u011fer polar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/td>\n 1,48 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/strong><\/td>\n -1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/strong><\/td>\n 1 (%10’luk \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Not: Nitrik asit s\u0131v\u0131 oldu\u011fundan parlama noktas\u0131 ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. %10’luk nitrik asit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin pH’\u0131 1’dir, bu da onun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. pKa, \u00e7\u00f6zeltideki bir asidin kuvvetinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan asit ayr\u0131\u015fma sabitinin negatif logaritmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitrik asidin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrik asit, uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ciddi yaralanmalara veya \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olabilecek son derece reaktif ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir maddedir. Bu yan\u0131klara, g\u00f6z hasar\u0131na ve solunum yolu tahri\u015fine neden olabilir. Nitrik asitle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken eldiven ve g\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi uygun koruyucu ekipmanlar giyilmelidir. Depolama alanlar\u0131 iyi havaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve zehirli dumanlar\u0131n sal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fclen maddeler derhal temizlenmelidir. Cilt veya g\u00f6zlerle temas\u0131 halinde, etkilenen b\u00f6lgeyi en az 20 dakika boyunca suyla y\u0131kay\u0131n ve derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma ba\u015fvurun.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/strong><\/td>\n \u00c7evre i\u00e7in tehlikeli, Oksitleyici, Zararl\u0131, Tahri\u015f edici<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n S2 \u2013 \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 yerde saklay\u0131n. S23 \u2013 Duman\u0131n\u0131 solumay\u0131n. S24\/25 \u2013 Cilt ve g\u00f6zlerle temas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. S26 \u2013 G\u00f6zle temas\u0131 halinde derhal bol su ile y\u0131kay\u0131n ve doktora ba\u015fvurun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n BM 2031<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/strong><\/td>\n 2811.90.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/strong><\/td>\n III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/strong><\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 ve solunmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7ok toksiktir. Ciddi yan\u0131klara ve g\u00f6z hasar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra solunum yolu tahri\u015fine de neden olabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Nitrik asit sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrik asit, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir:<\/p>\n