{"id":1085,"date":"2023-07-19T03:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T03:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nitrogliserin-c3h5n3o9\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T03:32:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T03:32:55","slug":"nitrogliserin-c3h5n3o9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/nitrogliserin-c3h5n3o9\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrogliserin \u2013 c3h5n3o9, 55-63-0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nitrogliserin, anjini tedavi etmek i\u00e7in t\u0131bbi olarak kullan\u0131lan patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir bile\u015fiktir. Kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 rahatlat\u0131r, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. U\u00e7uculu\u011fu nedeniyle son derece dikkatli kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IUPAC Ad\u0131<\/td>\n 1,2,3-trinitrooksipropan-2-il nitrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molek\u00fcler form\u00fcl<\/td>\n C3H5N3O9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS numaras\u0131<\/td>\n 55-63-0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E\u015f anlaml\u0131<\/td>\n Gliseril trinitrat, Trinitrogliserin, NG, Nitrospan, Nitrostat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
InChI<\/td>\n InChI=1S\/C3H5N3O9\/c7-4(8)13-1-3(15-6(11)12)2-14-5(9)10\/h3H,1-2H2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Nitrogliserinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrogliserin form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin form\u00fcl\u00fc C3H5N3O9’dur. \u00dc\u00e7 karbon (C) atomu, be\u015f hidrojen (H) atomu, \u00fc\u00e7 nitrojen (N) atomu ve dokuz oksijen (O) atomundan olu\u015fur. Trinitrogliserinin molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131, bir gliserol molek\u00fcl\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 birka\u00e7 nitrat grubunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla karakterize edilir.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin Molar K\u00fctlesi<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin molar k\u00fctlesi mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 227.09 gramd\u0131r. Her elementin atomik k\u00fctlelerinin kimyasal form\u00fcle (C3H5N3O9) eklenmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. Molar k\u00fctle, \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar i\u00e7in gerekli olan trinitrogliserin miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserinin kaynama noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131na sahip olduk\u00e7a u\u00e7ucu bir bile\u015fiktir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 santigrat derecede (131 Fahrenheit derece) kaynar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaynama noktas\u0131, trinitrogliserinin s\u0131v\u0131dan gaza kolayca ge\u00e7mesine olanak tan\u0131yarak patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerine katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin Erime Noktas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin erime noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 santigrat derecedir (55 Fahrenheit derece). Bu nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131, trinitrogliserinin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 formda bulunmas\u0131na izin verir. Ancak \u0131s\u0131ya ve \u015foka kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle kazara patlamay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in dikkatli kullan\u0131m gerektirir.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\/mL<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin yo\u011funlu\u011fu mililitre ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,6 gramd\u0131r (g\/mL). Bu, bir mililitre trinitrogliserinin 1,6 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Trinitrogliserinin nispeten y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fu stabilitesine katk\u0131da bulunur ve kolay saklama ve nakliyeye olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin Molek\u00fcl A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mol ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 227.09 gramd\u0131r. Bir trinitrogliserin molek\u00fcl\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kimyasal hesaplamalar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan trinitrogliserin miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bilgiler sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n

\n
\"Nitrogliserin\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Nitrogliserinin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserinin yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 nitrat grubuna (-NO3) ba\u011fl\u0131 bir gliserol molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden (propan-1,2,3-triol) olu\u015fur. Nitrat gruplar\u0131, gliserol omurgas\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131 karbon atomlar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu benzersiz molek\u00fcler d\u00fczenleme, trinitrogliserinin patlay\u0131c\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Trinitrogliserin, etanol, aseton ve eter gibi baz\u0131 organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ancak suda \u00e7ok az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, trinitrogliserinin a\u011f\u0131zdan uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla t\u0131bbi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in dil alt\u0131 tabletler veya transdermal yamalar gibi ba\u015fka yollarla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\n Sar\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spesifik yer \u00e7ekimi<\/td>\n 1.6g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renk<\/td>\n Soluk sar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koku<\/td>\n Hafif koku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molar k\u00fctle<\/td>\n 227,09 gr\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yo\u011funluk<\/td>\n 1.6g\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00fczyon noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 13\u00b0C (55\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 55\u00b0C (131\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fla\u015f noktas\u0131<\/td>\n 30\u00b0C (86\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\n Etanol, aseton, eter gibi organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n 0,1 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buhar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n 8,2 (hava = 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pKa<\/td>\n 7,7 (pKa1), 8,8 (pKa2), 9,3 (pKa3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n Do\u011fal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Nitrogliserinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trinitrogliserin patlay\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik riskleri olu\u015fturur. Is\u0131ya, \u015foka ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r ve yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son derece tehlikeli hale gelir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7le patlayabilir, ciddi yaralanmalara veya \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olabilir. Nitrogliserin kullan\u0131l\u0131rken uygun koruyucu ekipman\u0131n giyilmesi ve g\u00fcvenli, serin ve kuru bir yerde saklanmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik protokolleri izlenmelidir. Yak\u0131ndaki k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlardan, a\u00e7\u0131k alevlerden veya tutu\u015fturucu kaynaklardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve patlama riskini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma ve depolamaya \u00f6zellikle dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tehlike sembolleri<\/td>\n Patlay\u0131c\u0131, Akut Toksik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/td>\n \u00c7ok patlay\u0131c\u0131. \u00c7ok dikkatli davran\u0131n. Is\u0131, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m ve a\u00e7\u0131k alevden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BM kimlik numaralar\u0131<\/td>\n UN 0143 (S\u0131v\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HS kodu<\/td>\n 2909.10.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\n 1.1D (Patlay\u0131c\u0131lar)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paketleme grubu<\/td>\n PG II (Orta tehlike)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toksisite<\/td>\n Yutulmas\u0131 veya solunmas\u0131 halinde toksiktir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Nitrogliserin sentez y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrogliserin \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle sentezlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, konsantre nitrik asit (HNO3)<\/a> ile gliserol (C3H8O3)<\/a> aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyonu i\u00e7erir. Reaksiyon dikkatlice kontrol edilen ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, genellikle kataliz\u00f6r olarak s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asitin (H2SO4) eklenmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k koruyun ve nitrogliserini sentezlemek i\u00e7in konsantre nitrik asit ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yava\u015f yava\u015f gliserol<\/a> ekleyin.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntem, nitrik asit ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asidin birle\u015fimi olan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k asitin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Nitrogliserin sentezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol ederken kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k aside gliserol<\/a> ekleyin.<\/p>\n

Her iki y\u00f6ntemde de nitrik asit, oksitleyici bir madde olarak g\u00f6rev yapar ve gliserol<\/a> ile reaksiyona girerek nitrogliserin olu\u015fturur. S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit, uygun bir ortam sa\u011flayarak ve kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rerek reaksiyona yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin sentezinin, y\u00fcksek derecede patlay\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck dikkat ve uzmanl\u0131k gerektirdi\u011fini belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir. S\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca kaza riskini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in her zaman s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerine uyun.<\/p>\n

Sentezin ard\u0131ndan elde edilen nitrogliserin \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, yabanc\u0131 maddeleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla y\u0131kama ve filtreleme yoluyla safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak nitrogliserin sentezi, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hassas kontrol ve g\u00fcvenlik protokollerine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren bir dizi kimyasal reaksiyonu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Nitrogliserin Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trinitrogliserin benzersiz \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kullan\u0131ma sahiptir. Nitrogliserinin baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli uygulamalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n