{"id":1558,"date":"2023-07-13T00:54:47","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T00:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/atom-kutlesi\/"},"modified":"2023-07-13T00:54:47","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T00:54:47","slug":"atom-kutlesi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/atom-kutlesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi <strong>periyodik tablonun en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinden<\/strong> biridir. Bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle k\u00fctleye \u00e7ok benzer, ancak atom gibi son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elementler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r ve bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p> Kimyasal elementlerin atom k\u00fctlesi <strong>periyodik tabloda bulunur<\/strong> , ancak bu say\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6keni ve a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 vard\u0131r; protonlar\u0131n ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol \u00f6nemlidir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da size detayl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yoruz!<\/p>\n<h2> Atom k\u00fctlesi nedir ve nas\u0131l temsil edilir?<\/h2>\n<p> Atom k\u00fctlesi, n\u00f6tron k\u00fctlesi ile proton k\u00fctlesinin toplam\u0131ndan elde edilen <strong>bir atomun k\u00fctlesidir<\/strong> . Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ba\u011f\u0131l atom k\u00fctlesi ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p> Atom k\u00fctlesi, \u015fu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131labilen <strong>birle\u015fik atomik k\u00fctle birimleriyle temsil edilir<\/strong> : amu. Periyodik tabloda A harfi ile temsil edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda kimyasal element sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn solunda \u00fcst simge \u015feklinde bulunur.<\/p>\n<h3> Atomik k\u00fctle birimleri nelerdir?<\/h3>\n<p> AMU <strong>d\u00fcnya standart k\u00fctle birimidir<\/strong> . Resmi olarak atom k\u00fctlesini ve molek\u00fcllerini temsil eden birimdir. Dalton veya Da olarak da bilinir. Bir de\u011ferin bu birimde ne kadar k\u00fctleyi temsil etti\u011fine dair bir fikir vermek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalara bak\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 1 amu 1,66053886 x 10 <sup>-27<\/sup> kg&#8217;a e\u015fittir<\/li>\n<li> 1 g 6,0221415 x 10 <sup>23<\/sup> amu&#8217;dur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Teorik olarak atomik k\u00fctle biriminin, karbon izotopuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen k\u00fctlenin 1\/12&#8217;si oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz; \u00e7ekirde\u011fi 6 protona ve ayn\u0131 say\u0131da n\u00f6trona sahip oldu\u011funda \u00e7ok kesin bir de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n<h2> Atom k\u00fctlesi nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p> <strong>Kimyasal elementlerin di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in bir veri olarak atom k\u00fctlesi uygulan\u0131r<\/strong> . \u00d6rne\u011fin proton say\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkili k\u00fctle numaras\u0131 bize bir elementin sahip oldu\u011fu n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer laboratuvar hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra maddeler ve onlar\u0131n reaktiviteleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> Uygulanan atomun k\u00fctlesi sayesinde, kimyasal reaksiyonlarda <strong>molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinebilir<\/strong> ve mollerden gramlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcreci bu bilgilerle neyi ba\u015farmak istedi\u011finize ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> Atom k\u00fctlesi nas\u0131l ke\u015ffedildi?<\/h2>\n<p> Atom k\u00fctlesi <strong>, ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nem kimyagerlerinin kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda<\/strong> ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bu kimyasal \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7evreleyen tarih hakk\u0131nda size bir fikir vermek i\u00e7in, ilk kez \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir \u0130ngiliz kimyager olan John Dalton taraf\u0131ndan incelenen atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsetmemiz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p> Konuyla ilgili bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli isim ise hesaplamalar\u0131yla kimyaya b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u0130sve\u00e7 do\u011fumlu Jons Jakob Berzelius&#8217;tur.<\/p>\n<p> \u0130lk bilim adam\u0131 <strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 1803&#8217;\u00fcn ortalar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken<\/strong> , ikincisi 1808&#8217;den 1826&#8217;ya kadar ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca, t\u00fcm kimyasal elementlerin &#8216;a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tam say\u0131s\u0131&#8217; kadar bir k\u00fctleye sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Prout gibi hatal\u0131 teoriler vard\u0131. . hidrojenden. Berzelius, bu teorinin ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek olarak klor kullanarak bunun tersini g\u00f6steren ki\u015fi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u015eu anda, her bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesini neredeyse otomatik olarak elde etmemize, kimyasal elementlerin periyodik tablosuna bakmam\u0131za veya internette biraz ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmam\u0131za olanak tan\u0131yan yeterli ve do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f bilgi zaten mevcuttur.<\/p>\n<h2> Atom k\u00fctlesi nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p> Atom k\u00fctlesinin form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7ok basittir ve <strong>n\u00f6tron ve protonlar\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> kullanarak de\u011ferini hesaplamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle atom k\u00fctlesi = n\u00f6tr + protonlar. Ancak her izotopun k\u00fctlesi referans al\u0131narak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p> En basit form\u00fcle sahip baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6relim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Oksijen:<\/strong> Bu elementin 8 n\u00f6tronu ve 8 protonu oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Form\u00fcl\u00fc uygularsak, bize 16 u&#8217;yu verir, bu da periyodik tabloya g\u00f6re tam olarak atom k\u00fctlesidir ve 15,999 u olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7ok az farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131kla ba\u015fka \u00f6rneklerimiz de var.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Demir:<\/strong> 26 proton ve 29 n\u00f6tronun toplam\u0131 nedeniyle atom k\u00fctlesi 55.845 u&#8217;dur, 55 u ile temsil edildi\u011finde fark \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Fosfor:<\/strong> Periyodik tabloya g\u00f6re atom k\u00fctlesi 30,97 u&#8217;dur, proton (15) ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n\u0131n (16) toplam\u0131na \u00e7ok benzer, bu da 31 u verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Bu nedenle bunu periyodik tablonun her bir eleman\u0131na uygulayabiliriz. \u00dcstelik bu mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve periyodik tablonun verdi\u011fi de\u011ferleri takip edersek atom k\u00fctlesi en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan elementin 1,0079 u ile hidrojen, en y\u00fcksek olan\u0131n ise 277 u ile Hassium oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n<h2> Atom pratikte k\u00fctlesini hangi atom par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na bor\u00e7ludur?<\/h2>\n<p> Bir atomda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7ac\u0131k vard\u0131r; bunlar n\u00f6tronlar, protonlar ve elektronlard\u0131r. Ancak atomun k\u00fctlesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fcnde de yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi pratik olarak <strong>n\u00f6tronlar ve protonlardan<\/strong> kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlamda elektronun de\u011feri neredeyse yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Atom k\u00fctlesi ile atom numaras\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde yapmak \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nceki \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi farkl\u0131 bir de\u011fere sahiptirler. Teorik olarak <strong>atom numaras\u0131 bir elementteki proton say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> , atom k\u00fctlesi ise bu say\u0131 ile n\u00f6tron say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130simleri benzer olsa da anlamlar\u0131 tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi periyodik tablonun en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinden biridir. Bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle k\u00fctleye \u00e7ok benzer, ancak atom gibi son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elementler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r ve bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Kimyasal elementlerin atom k\u00fctlesi periyodik tabloda bulunur , ancak bu say\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6keni ve a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 vard\u0131r; protonlar\u0131n ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n &#8230; <a title=\"Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/atom-kutlesi\/\" aria-label=\"More on Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/atom-kutlesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir elementin atom k\u00fctlesi periyodik tablonun en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinden biridir. Bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle k\u00fctleye \u00e7ok benzer, ancak atom gibi son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elementler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r ve bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Kimyasal elementlerin atom k\u00fctlesi periyodik tabloda bulunur , ancak bu say\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6keni ve a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 vard\u0131r; protonlar\u0131n ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n ... 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Bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle k\u00fctleye \u00e7ok benzer, ancak atom gibi son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elementler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vard\u0131r ve bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Kimyasal elementlerin atom k\u00fctlesi periyodik tabloda bulunur , ancak bu say\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6keni ve a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 vard\u0131r; protonlar\u0131n ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n ... 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