{"id":1513,"date":"2023-07-13T22:08:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T22:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/"},"modified":"2023-07-13T22:08:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T22:08:32","slug":"bizmut","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/","title":{"rendered":"Bizmut"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En az toksik kimyasal elementlerden biri olarak kabul edilir, bu nedenle bizmutun \u00f6zellikleri bir\u00e7ok ticari uygulamada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde do\u011fada saf metalik halde ve ayr\u0131ca mineral olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunur. K\u00f6keni, \u00f6zellikleri, ortak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmut nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bizmut kimyasal elementi, periyodik tablonun 15. grubunun, nitrojenlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 bir metaldir. Kur\u015fununkine benzer bir yo\u011funlu\u011fa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck radyoaktiviteye ve zay\u0131f termal iletkenli\u011fe sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca a\u011f\u0131r, tek atomlu, parlak, k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve kristal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdedir. Ek olarak, Hall etkisi olarak bilinen manyetik bir alanda m\u00fckemmel bir elektrik direncine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Bizmut sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">Bi<\/span><\/span> Bizmut&#8217;un sembol\u00fc, etimolojisi belirsiz olan ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r. Latince <em>Bismutum&#8217;dan<\/em> geldi\u011fi kabul edilir ve Georgius Agr\u00edcola taraf\u0131ndan Latincele\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir kelime olan <em>Bisemutum&#8217;dan<\/em> t\u00fcretilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, <em>Wissemat&#8217;tan<\/em> gelen Almanca <em>Wismut<\/em> kelimesinden gelir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re elementin rengiyle ilgili olarak bu ifadelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc <em>beyaz maddeyi<\/em> ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmutun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bizmutun tahmini yar\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fc 20 trilyon y\u0131ld\u0131r, i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca etraf\u0131 tehlikeli ve zehirli metallerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ne agresif ne de \u00e7ok zehirlidir. Atomik seviyede 126 n\u00f6tron, 83 proton ve 83 elektrondan olu\u015fur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra genle\u015fmeye u\u011frar. Bizmutun di\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffedin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Kimyasal Reaktivite<\/strong> : A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda oksitlendi\u011finde oksit tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturur, K\u00fck\u00fcrt, Tell\u00fcr, Selenyum, Halojenlere tepki verir ve asit sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Is\u0131 ve elektrik iletkenli\u011fi<\/strong> : T\u00fcm metaller aras\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ve elektri\u011fi en k\u00f6t\u00fc iletenlerden biridir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : Yumu\u015fak pembe tonlar\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 veya grimsi beyaz.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durum<\/strong> : Ola\u011fan toplanma \u015fekli kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong> : Kur\u015funun yo\u011funlu\u011funun %86&#8217;s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir, ancak kat\u0131 halde s\u0131v\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fczebilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Evrimleri<\/strong> : \u0130kizleri veya ayn\u0131 kristalleri oksitlendi\u011finde pembe tonlar verir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Manyetik d\u00fczen<\/strong> : Diamanyetik olan veya m\u0131knat\u0131slanmada zorluk \u00e7eken element.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sertlik<\/strong> : Mohs \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re 2,5 mineral sertli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kristal yap\u0131<\/strong> : E\u015fkenar d\u00f6rtgen geometriye sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : Bile\u015fiklerinin \u00e7o\u011funun \u00fc\u00e7 de\u011ferlikli oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur, ancak bazen tek de\u011ferlikli veya be\u015f de\u011ferlikli olabilirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmutun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 83<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksit<\/strong> : Hafif asidik<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk (g\/ml)<\/strong> : 9.780<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap (\u00c5)<\/strong> : 146 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 122 J\/(K-kg)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>F\u00fczyon entalpisi<\/strong> : 11,3 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 271\u00b0C (544.4K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Birinci iyonla\u015fma potansiyeli (eV)<\/strong> : 703 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (\u00c5)<\/strong> : 143 pm (Bohr yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 1564\u00b0C (1837K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom k\u00fctlesi (g\/mol)<\/strong> : 208.980 u<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ses h\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> : 293,15 K&#8217;da 1790 m\/s<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon<\/strong> : [Xe]4f <sup>14<\/sup> 5d <sup>10<\/sup> 6s <sup>2<\/sup> 6p <sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>Seviye ba\u015f\u0131na elektronlar<\/strong> : 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Buharla\u015fma entalpisi<\/strong> : 104,8 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik<\/strong> : 2,02 (Pauling \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmutun k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bizmut elementi eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri bilinmektedir, bu nedenle ke\u015ffi herhangi bir kimyagere atfedilmemi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen ilk on metalden biriydi. \u00d6te yandan \u0130nkalar aras\u0131nda b\u0131\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Bronz ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 me\u015fhurdu.<\/p>\n<p> Simya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda madenciler ona <em>g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131m\u0131<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen <em>tectum argenti<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Ayr\u0131ca ilk ba\u015fta kur\u015fun, \u00e7inko ve kalay ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kimyac\u0131lar 1546&#8217;dan bu yana onun di\u011fer elementlerden fark\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Daha sonra bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 dile getirme g\u00f6revini Frans\u0131z Claude Fran\u00e7ois Geoffroy \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmut ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> \u0130la\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinde, di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mide-ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6z ve bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar\u0131, \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fi, ishali, frengiyi tedavi etmek i\u00e7in ila\u00e7lar \u00fcretilmektedir. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 programlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> End\u00fcstriyel sekt\u00f6rde g\u00f6z far\u0131, oje, sa\u00e7 spreyi gibi kozmetik \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelik pigmentlerin \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Metalurjide g\u00fcvenlik s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme sistemleri ve yang\u0131n dedekt\u00f6rleri gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktal\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Balastlar\u0131n, balistik mermilerin, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 kur\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011ferlerinin \u00fcretiminde kur\u015funun yerini al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in termokupl sistemlerini kullanan ara\u00e7larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> T\u0131bbi analiz testleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan lateks kalkanlar i\u00e7in bir kaplama g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Bizmut elde etmek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Do\u011fada saf haliyle bulunan birka\u00e7 kimyasal elementten biridir, ancak di\u011fer minerallerin bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 genellikle daha kolayd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in&#8217;de tungsten, kur\u015fun veya alt\u0131ndan elde edilir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyadaki tek birincil maden Bolivya&#8217;dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6zetle Bizmut, ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 metalik bir elementtir, a\u011f\u0131r, parlak, k\u0131r\u0131lgan, diyamanyetik, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 zay\u0131f iletken, \u00e7ok toksik olmayan ve agresif de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca kat\u0131la\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde genle\u015fmeye u\u011frar, s\u00fcnekli\u011fi ve d\u00f6v\u00fclebilirli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan ila\u00e7, metalurji ve kozmetik end\u00fcstrilerinde de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En az toksik kimyasal elementlerden biri olarak kabul edilir, bu nedenle bizmutun \u00f6zellikleri bir\u00e7ok ticari uygulamada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde do\u011fada saf metalik halde ve ayr\u0131ca mineral olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunur. K\u00f6keni, \u00f6zellikleri, ortak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131n. Bizmut nedir? Bizmut kimyasal elementi, periyodik tablonun 15. grubunun, nitrojenlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 bir metaldir. Kur\u015fununkine benzer &#8230; <a title=\"Bizmut\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\" aria-label=\"More on Bizmut\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bizmut - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bizmut - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En az toksik kimyasal elementlerden biri olarak kabul edilir, bu nedenle bizmutun \u00f6zellikleri bir\u00e7ok ticari uygulamada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde do\u011fada saf metalik halde ve ayr\u0131ca mineral olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunur. K\u00f6keni, \u00f6zellikleri, ortak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131n. Bizmut nedir? Bizmut kimyasal elementi, periyodik tablonun 15. grubunun, nitrojenlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 bir metaldir. Kur\u015fununkine benzer ... Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\",\"name\":\"Bizmut - Chemuza\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-13T22:08:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-13T22:08:32+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ev\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bizmut\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/\",\"name\":\"Chemuza\",\"description\":\"Kimyasal ke\u015fiflere a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131n\u0131z!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Chemuza\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/chemuza-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/chemuza-logo.png\",\"width\":387,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"Chemuza\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bizmut - Chemuza","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bizmut - Chemuza","og_description":"En az toksik kimyasal elementlerden biri olarak kabul edilir, bu nedenle bizmutun \u00f6zellikleri bir\u00e7ok ticari uygulamada kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde do\u011fada saf metalik halde ve ayr\u0131ca mineral olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunur. K\u00f6keni, \u00f6zellikleri, ortak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131n. Bizmut nedir? Bizmut kimyasal elementi, periyodik tablonun 15. grubunun, nitrojenlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ge\u00e7i\u015f sonras\u0131 bir metaldir. Kur\u015fununkine benzer ... Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku","og_url":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/","og_site_name":"Chemuza","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"4 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/","url":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/","name":"Bizmut - Chemuza","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-07-13T22:08:32+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-13T22:08:32+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/bizmut\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ev","item":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bizmut"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/","name":"Chemuza","description":"Kimyasal ke\u015fiflere a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131n\u0131z!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#organization","name":"Chemuza","url":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/chemuza-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/chemuza-logo.png","width":387,"height":70,"caption":"Chemuza"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"yoast_meta":{"yoast_wpseo_title":"","yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","yoast_wpseo_canonical":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1513\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}