{"id":1506,"date":"2023-07-14T01:18:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T01:18:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/iridyum\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T01:18:48","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T01:18:48","slug":"iridyum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/iridyum\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u0307ridyum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130ridyum elementinin \u00e7ok nadir oldu\u011funu ve d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fini biliyor muydunuz? Bunun nedeni Willamette gibi meteoritlerin bollu\u011fudur. \u00d6te yandan sadece 1 kg elde etmek i\u00e7in onu i\u00e7eren yakla\u015f\u0131k 350.000 kayan\u0131n i\u015flenmesi gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her milyar atoma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu metalden bir tane bulunuyor. Periyodik tablodaki bu bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00f6kenini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffedin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>\u0130ridyum nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Birbirleriyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak kadar benzerlikleri oldu\u011fundan Platin grubuna giren bir ge\u00e7i\u015f metalidir. Korozyona ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck dirence sahip kimyasal elementtir. Ayr\u0131ca yo\u011funlu\u011fu, sertli\u011fi, erime noktas\u0131 ve kaynama noktas\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Ayr\u0131ca k\u0131r\u0131lgan, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi beyaz renkte ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>\u0130ridyum sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">Iridyum<\/span><\/span> sembol\u00fc etimolojik olarak Yunanca <em>g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen <em>iris<\/em> kelimesinden t\u00fcreyen bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r. Bu ismi, bile\u015fimlerinin sahip oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerden dolay\u0131 Yunan tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130ris&#8217;in onuruna alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>\u0130ridyumun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131nda elastik mod\u00fcl a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikinci element olmas\u0131, -273\u00b0C&#8217;de s\u00fcperiletkenlik ve iyi mekanik \u00f6zellikler yer al\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca serttir, kokusuzdur, a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r, metalik dokuya sahiptir, korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve solmaz. Ancak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda flor, oksijen ve erimi\u015f tuzlarla reaksiyona girer. Ayr\u0131ca deformasyona kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015fekil verilmesi zordur. Di\u011fer \u00f6zellikler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Kimyasal Reaktivite<\/strong> : Genellikle asitler, kral sular, silikatlar veya erimi\u015f metallerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u00fckemmel inertlik i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime ve Kaynama<\/strong> : Di\u011fer elementler aras\u0131nda dokuzuncu en y\u00fcksek erime noktas\u0131na ve onuncu en y\u00fcksek kaynama noktas\u0131na sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : Saf haliyle beyaz, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f renginde ve sar\u0131ms\u0131 tonlardad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durumu<\/strong> : S\u0131radan sa\u011flam bir duruma sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong> : Osmiyumdan sonra %0,1 oran\u0131nda en yo\u011fun elementtir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong> : 600\u00b0C&#8217;de \u00e7ok ince bir yap\u0131\u015fkan oksit filmi olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Is\u0131 ve elektrik iletkenli\u011fi<\/strong> : Elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iyi bir iletkendir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>S\u0131cakl\u0131k<\/strong> : A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klara ve 1600\u00b0C&#8217;nin \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klara \u00e7ok iyi dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>S\u00fcneklik<\/strong> : S\u00fcnekli\u011fi azd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sertlik<\/strong> : Mohs \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re mineral sertli\u011fi 2,7&#8217;dir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>\u0130ridyumun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 77<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksit<\/strong> : Orta baziklik<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk (g\/ml)<\/strong> : 22.560<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap (\u00c5)<\/strong> : 141 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : Yok<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 2466\u00b0C (2739K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom k\u00fctlesi (g\/mol)<\/strong> : 192.217 u<\/li>\n<li> <strong>F\u00fczyon entalpisi<\/strong> : 41,12 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Seviye ba\u015f\u0131na elektronlar<\/strong> : 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Buharla\u015fma entalpisi<\/strong> : 563 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 4428 \u00b0C (4701 K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon<\/strong> : [Xe] 4f <sup>14<\/sup> 5d <sup>7<\/sup> 6s <sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ses h\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> : 293,15 K&#8217;da 4825 m\/s<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Birinci iyonla\u015fma potansiyeli (eV)<\/strong> : 880 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (\u00c5)<\/strong> : 136 pm (Bohr yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik<\/strong> : 2,20 (Pauling \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>\u0130ridyumun K\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> \u0130ridyum elementinin tarihine g\u00f6re, ke\u015ffi Platin metali ile meydana geldi, eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri bunun yaln\u0131zca ikincisinin bir ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak bu fikir, yeni bir kimyasal element olarak kabul edildi\u011fi 1804 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren de\u011fi\u015fti. Daha sonra 1803 y\u0131l\u0131nda platini analiz eden ilk kimyagerler, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra koyu renkli bir kal\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu ke\u015ffettiler. \u0130lk ba\u015fta Frans\u0131z Joseph Louis Proust yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bunun grafit oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p> Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kimyager Smithson Tennant da bu kal\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 analiz ederek iki yeni element tespit etti ve bu nedenle \u0130ridyumun ka\u015fifi olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. Daha sonra 1813 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilim adam\u0131 John George Children ilk kez metali eritmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Daha sonra 1842&#8217;de Robert Hare saf, d\u00f6v\u00fclemeyen ve sert metali elde etti.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>\u0130ridyum ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> T\u0131bbi, bilimsel, kimya ve metalurji end\u00fcstrilerindeki uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir metaldir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu elementin ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 genellikle u\u00e7aklara y\u00f6nelik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc par\u00e7alar yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fenin di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na bak\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u0130ridyumun \u00f6zellikleri t\u0131pta, \u00f6zellikle brakiterapi ad\u0131 verilen kanser tedavisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Bujiler i\u00e7in elektrik kontaklar\u0131n\u0131n imalat\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> M\u00fckemmel korozyon direnci nedeniyle <em>kilogram<\/em> ve <em>metre<\/em> biriminin uluslararas\u0131 prototipi olu\u015fturulurken malzeme olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Kuantum mekani\u011finde bir t\u00fcr antimadde olan antiprotonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Nitrik asit \u00fcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kataliz\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Tak\u0131larda belirli par\u00e7alar\u0131n imalat malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> \u00d6rne\u011fin dolma kalemlerde ve namlu deliklerinde daha fazla sertlik ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k elde etmek i\u00e7in platin, osmiyum ve rutenyum ile ala\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li> \u0130ridyumun bir di\u011fer kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 ise end\u00fcstriyel f\u0131r\u0131n, pota ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kalan par\u00e7alar\u0131n imalat\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> K\u0131saca \u0130ridyum, Platin grubunda bulunan bir ge\u00e7i\u015f metal elementidir. Elementler aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek korozyon direncine sahiptir. Yo\u011fun, a\u011f\u0131r, sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi beyaz bir renk tonu, y\u00fcksek erime ve kaynama noktalar\u0131 ve inertlik i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130ridyum elementinin \u00e7ok nadir oldu\u011funu ve d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fini biliyor muydunuz? Bunun nedeni Willamette gibi meteoritlerin bollu\u011fudur. \u00d6te yandan sadece 1 kg elde etmek i\u00e7in onu i\u00e7eren yakla\u015f\u0131k 350.000 kayan\u0131n i\u015flenmesi gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her milyar atoma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu metalden bir tane bulunuyor. Periyodik tablodaki bu bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00f6kenini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffedin. \u0130ridyum nedir? Birbirleriyle &#8230; <a title=\"I\u0307ridyum\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/iridyum\/\" aria-label=\"More on I\u0307ridyum\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0130ridyum - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/iridyum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ridyum - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130ridyum elementinin \u00e7ok nadir oldu\u011funu ve d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fini biliyor muydunuz? 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Bunun nedeni Willamette gibi meteoritlerin bollu\u011fudur. \u00d6te yandan sadece 1 kg elde etmek i\u00e7in onu i\u00e7eren yakla\u015f\u0131k 350.000 kayan\u0131n i\u015flenmesi gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her milyar atoma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu metalden bir tane bulunuyor. Periyodik tablodaki bu bile\u015fi\u011fin k\u00f6kenini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffedin. \u0130ridyum nedir? Birbirleriyle ... 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