{"id":1476,"date":"2023-07-14T12:46:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T12:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kadmiyum\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T12:46:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T12:46:12","slug":"kadmiyum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kadmiyum\/","title":{"rendered":"Kadmiyum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kadmiyum yerkabu\u011funda minerallerle, kayalarla, toprakla ve suyla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde bulunur. Elementin bir di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise volkanik aktivite, yang\u0131nlar ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar nedeniyle atmosferde hareket ediyor. Do\u011fal haliyle \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kur\u015fun, bak\u0131r, \u00e7inko gibi metallerin \u00fcretilmesiyle elde edilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki giri\u015fte bu metal hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyum nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kimyasal bir element olarak periyodik tabloda atom numaras\u0131 48 ile i\u015faretlenmi\u015f bir ge\u00e7i\u015f metalidir. A\u011f\u0131r, toksik, yumu\u015fak, mavimsi beyaz renktedir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131na sahiptir; nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, lehimler ve piller olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmeldir.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Kadmiyum sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">Cd<\/span><\/span> \u0130smi Yunanca kalamin veya safs\u0131zl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelen <em>kadmeia<\/em> kelimesinden gelmektedir. Bu ismi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc element, bu bile\u015fi\u011fin rengini de\u011fi\u015ftiren \u00c7inko Karbonat izlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur; bu, saf oldu\u011funda meydana gelmeyen bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyumun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kadmiyum elementi, periyodik tablonun 12. grubunda Cd sembol\u00fc alt\u0131nda yer alan, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda renk tonunu de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip, yumu\u015fak, s\u00fcnek bir metaldir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaza ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flar. Di\u011fer \u00f6zellikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Durum<\/strong> : Sa\u011flam ve a\u011f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6v\u00fclebilirlik:<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek, farkl\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalar i\u00e7in ince eleman tabakalar\u0131 elde edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Tat ve koku<\/strong> : Metaliktir ve karakteristik bir kokusu yoktur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Bile\u015fimi:<\/strong> 48 elektron ve 64 n\u00f6tronlu protondan olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Toksisite<\/strong> : Y\u00fcksek olup yer kabu\u011fundaki en zehirli metal olarak kabul edilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Reaktivitesi<\/strong> : Asitlere ve oksijene kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve kadmiyum oksit olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : Oktahedral \u015fekiller olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yerde so\u011futuldu\u011funda kristaldir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong> : Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. Ancak di\u011fer elementlerle birle\u015fti\u011finde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ve suda h\u0131zla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyumun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 48<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6nem<\/strong> : 5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Blok<\/strong> : D<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Grup<\/strong> : 12<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumu<\/strong> : +1,+2<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap (\u00c5):<\/strong> 148 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ortalama yar\u0131\u00e7ap:<\/strong> 155 saat<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk:<\/strong> 8650 Kg\/m3<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon:<\/strong> [Kr] 4d10 5s2<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom k\u00fctlesi (g\/mol):<\/strong> 112.411 u<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kabuk ba\u015f\u0131na elektron say\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> 2, 8, 18, 18, 2<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Birinci iyonla\u015fma potansiyeli:<\/strong> (eV): 867,8<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131:<\/strong> 768<strong> <\/strong>\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131:<\/strong> 321<strong> <\/strong>\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131:<\/strong> 161 saat<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik:<\/strong> 1,69<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> 233 J \/ (K kg)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Is\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi:<\/strong> 96,8 W\/(Km)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyumun k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kadmiyum kimyasal elementi 1817 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya&#8217;da Friedrich Strohmeyer taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Bunu bir \u00e7inko karbonat \u00f6rne\u011finde saf olmayan bir kal\u0131nt\u0131 olarak elde etti. Is\u0131ya maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile\u015fi\u011fin tonunun de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini fark etti. Bu nedenle k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fc kavurup indirgeyerek onu izole etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 deneyler yapt\u0131. Daha sonra toksik ve metalik \u00f6zelliklerini fark etti\u011finden bug\u00fcn kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyum ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bu element korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131na ve y\u00fcksek s\u00fcnekli\u011fe sahiptir. Bu nedenler pil imalat\u0131nda, metal kaplamada ve elektrik iletkenlerinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flar. Kadmiyumun di\u011fer kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Minimum s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme katsay\u0131s\u0131na ve karars\u0131z reaksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek dirence sahip d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda devreye giren sigortalar kullan\u0131larak yang\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik alarmlar\u0131n\u0131n imalat\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Atomik reakt\u00f6rlerin n\u00f6tron ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kontrol \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131n imalat\u0131.<\/li>\n<li> Kadmiyum hidroksit bile\u015fi\u011fi, elektrokaplamada ve nikel-kadmiyum pillerde elektrot \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Camda emaye, pigment olu\u015fturmada ve hidrojenasyon kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Kadmiyum stearat bile\u015fi\u011fi, PVC malzemelerde \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve iklimsel etkenlerin etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 stabilizat\u00f6r g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li> Piroteknikte havai fi\u015feklere renk vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Kadmiyum s\u00fclfat t\u0131p alan\u0131nda b\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyum nas\u0131l elde edilir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> %0,50 oran\u0131nda element i\u00e7eren bak\u0131r ve kur\u015funun yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan \u00e7inkonun ekstraksiyonundan elde edilir. Is\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra iki element, metali serbest b\u0131rakan bir eylem olan karbona indirgenmi\u015f bir oksit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Daha sonra tamamen saf bir numune elde etmek i\u00e7in fraksiyonel olarak dam\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Kadmiyum toksisitesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> \u0130nsanlar i\u00e7in kanserojen kategorisine girer. \u015eu anda insan metal kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, toksisite riskleri g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak mevcuttur. Havada \u00e7ok uzun mesafeler katedebilmektedir ve t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7en ya da metal end\u00fcstrisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filer do\u011frudan onun solunmas\u0131na maruz kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6zetle Kadmiyum \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve toksik \u00e7evresel bir ge\u00e7i\u015f elementidir. \u00c7e\u015fitli termal ve n\u00fckleer ala\u015f\u0131mlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktas\u0131na sahip s\u00fcnek ve d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir bir malzemedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kadmiyum yerkabu\u011funda minerallerle, kayalarla, toprakla ve suyla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde bulunur. Elementin bir di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise volkanik aktivite, yang\u0131nlar ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar nedeniyle atmosferde hareket ediyor. Do\u011fal haliyle \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kur\u015fun, bak\u0131r, \u00e7inko gibi metallerin \u00fcretilmesiyle elde edilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki giri\u015fte bu metal hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin. Kadmiyum nedir? Kimyasal bir element olarak periyodik tabloda &#8230; <a title=\"Kadmiyum\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kadmiyum\/\" aria-label=\"More on Kadmiyum\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kadmiyum - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kadmiyum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kadmiyum - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kadmiyum yerkabu\u011funda minerallerle, kayalarla, toprakla ve suyla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde bulunur. 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