{"id":1447,"date":"2023-07-14T23:15:18","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T23:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kibrit\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T23:15:18","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T23:15:18","slug":"kibrit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kibrit\/","title":{"rendered":"Kibrit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kimyasal Analizler, fosforun \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra en temel olan\u0131 fosfat olan karbon i\u00e7erebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm ya\u015fam formlar\u0131nda rol\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; \u00f6rne\u011fin kemiklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %60&#8217;\u0131 kalsiyum fosfat i\u00e7erir. Bu element hakk\u0131nda her \u015feyi, i\u015flevlerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Fosfor nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Fosfor elementi, saf halde renksiz, metal olmayan \u00f6nemli bir elementtir. Periyodik tablonun 15. grubunun veya nitrojenlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7oklu de\u011ferli\u011fe ve b\u00fcy\u00fck reaktiviteye sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca atmosferik oksijenle temas etti\u011finde \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayacak kadar kolayca oksitlenir. \u00d6te yandan do\u011fada saf olarak bulunmaz, canl\u0131 organizmalarda ve inorganik fosfatlarda bulunur.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Fosfor sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">P<\/span><\/span> Elementi tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in sembol olarak kullan\u0131lan harf Latince <em>fosfor<\/em> kelimesinden gelir. Bu da Yunancada <em>phos&#8217;un<\/em> \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve <em>phoros<\/em> ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, yani \u0131\u015f\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi <em>fosforos<\/em> kelimesinden gelir. Her ikisi de \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya karanl\u0131kta parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ad\u0131 Ven\u00fcs gezegeninin eski ad\u0131n\u0131n onuruna al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Fosforun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca fosforesans ad\u0131 verilen olay sayesinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayabilir. \u00d6te yandan bu element genellikle suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez. Bunu temsil eden di\u011fer verilere bak\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Kimyasal Reaktivite<\/strong> : Elektronegatif veya elektropozitif olsun hemen hemen t\u00fcm elementlerle reaksiyona girer; \u00f6rne\u011fin halojenlerle birle\u015ferek halojen\u00fcrler olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : Kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fimlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak renksiz, parlak beyaz veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime<\/strong> : Erime noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durumu<\/strong> : Do\u011fal hali kat\u0131 ve mumsu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen gaz ve s\u0131v\u0131ya da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>De\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/strong> : Oksidasyonu atmosferik hava mevcut oldu\u011funda meydana gelir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Koku<\/strong> : Ho\u015f olmayan ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 bir kokuya sahiptir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Manyetik d\u00fczen<\/strong> : Diyamanyetik bir elementtir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131 iletkeni<\/strong> : Bu \u00f6zelliklere sahip de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Toksisite d\u00fczeyi<\/strong> : Allotropik \u00e7e\u015fitlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok toksik olabilir veya olmayabilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>K\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k<\/strong> : Yuvarlanamaz, d\u00fczle\u015ftirilemez veya tel \u015feklinde gerilemez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Fosforun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 15<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong> : 1823 kg\/ <sup>m3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 769 J\/ (K-kg)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap (\u00c5)<\/strong> : 106 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon<\/strong> : [Ne]3s <sup>2<\/sup> 3p <sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>Birinci iyonla\u015fma potansiyeli (eV)<\/strong> : 1011,8 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom k\u00fctlesi (g\/mol)<\/strong> : 30.9737620<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Buharla\u015fma entalpisi<\/strong> : 12,129 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 277\u00b0C (550K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>F\u00fczyon entalpisi<\/strong> : 0,657 kJ\/mol<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (\u00c5):<\/strong> 98 pm (Bohr yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 44\u00b0C (317,3K)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>S\u0131radan durum<\/strong> : Kat\u0131<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Pas<\/strong> : Hafif asidik<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Seviye ba\u015f\u0131na elektronlar<\/strong> : 2, 8, 5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : +3,5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Buhar bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/strong> : 294 K&#8217;de 20,8 Pa<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik<\/strong> : 2,19 (Pauling \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>Fosforun k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Fosforu ke\u015ffeden ki\u015fi, 1669 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcccar simyac\u0131 Hennig Brand&#8217;di ve bu ke\u015ffi felsefe ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yapt\u0131. Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda buharla\u015fan idrar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kumla dam\u0131tt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece karanl\u0131kta yanan ve par\u0131ldayan bir malzeme elde etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p> Bu madde ancak bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra kimyager Carl Wilhelm Scheele taraf\u0131ndan kalsine edilmi\u015f kemiklerden elde edilene ve izole edilene kadar \u00fcreden elde ediliyordu. Daha sonra Antoine Lavoisier&#8217;in bir element oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131ndan sonra fosfor ad\u0131 verilecekti. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Robert Boyle da bunu ke\u015ffetti ve Londra&#8217;da kaynak sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flayan bir Alman sanayiciyle temasa ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Fosfor ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Konsantre fosforik asit uygulamas\u0131, bitkilerin geli\u015fimini, erken olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcretimini te\u015fvik etti\u011finden g\u00fcbre olarak tar\u0131ma y\u00f6neliktir. Fosforun di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Bronz ve \u00e7elik \u00fcretin.<\/li>\n<li> Monokalsiyum fosfat formunda kabartma tozu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> \u00d6zel kristaller yaparken.<\/li>\n<li> Floresan lambalar\u0131n i\u00e7 astar\u0131nda.<\/li>\n<li> Korozyonu \u00f6nlemek ve suyu yumu\u015fatmak i\u00e7in temizlik maddesi olarak trisodyum fosfat<\/li>\n<li> Beyaz fosfor genellikle sis bombalar\u0131nda, yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 maddelerde ve izli mermilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Havai fi\u015fek, kibrit, di\u015f macunu, deterjan, ila\u00e7 ve g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Fosforun 3 ana allotropu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kat\u0131 ve temel halinde \u00e7e\u015fitli allotropik formlar i\u00e7eren kimyasal bir elementtir. En \u00e7ok bilinenleri beyaz, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve siyaht\u0131r, ancak mor ve mavi olanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Her birinin farkl\u0131 kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Beyaz fosfor: D\u00f6rt y\u00fczl\u00fc yap\u0131ya sahip olup, \u00e7ok zehirli, yan\u0131c\u0131, yar\u0131 kararl\u0131 olup, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131s\u0131s\u0131yla temas etti\u011finde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 fosfora d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li> K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 fosfor: Do\u011frusal tetrahedral zincirlerden olu\u015fur, daha az reaktif, u\u00e7ucu ve daha kararl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kibritleri yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> Siyah Fosfor: Beyaz allotropun y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kataliz\u00f6r olarak civan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilir. Ate\u015flemez, yo\u011fundur ve elektri\u011fi iletir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u00d6zetle fosfor, iyi reaktiviteye sahip, metalik olmayan bir kimyasal elementtir. Ek olarak, ola\u011fan haliyle genellikle renksizdir, ancak parlak beyaz veya morumsu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir renk tonuna sahip olabilir. \u00c7ok yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeli kibritlerde ve piroteknikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli allotropik formlar i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h2> Fosfor hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kimyasal Analizler, fosforun \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra en temel olan\u0131 fosfat olan karbon i\u00e7erebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm ya\u015fam formlar\u0131nda rol\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; \u00f6rne\u011fin kemiklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %60&#8217;\u0131 kalsiyum fosfat i\u00e7erir. Bu element hakk\u0131nda her \u015feyi, i\u015flevlerini, \u00f6zelliklerini ve \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011frenin. Fosfor nedir? Fosfor elementi, saf halde renksiz, metal olmayan \u00f6nemli bir elementtir. Periyodik tablonun 15. &#8230; <a title=\"Kibrit\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kibrit\/\" aria-label=\"More on Kibrit\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ma\u00e7 \u2013 Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/kibrit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ma\u00e7 \u2013 Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kimyasal Analizler, fosforun \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra en temel olan\u0131 fosfat olan karbon i\u00e7erebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. 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