{"id":1441,"date":"2023-07-15T05:18:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T05:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/hidrojen\/"},"modified":"2023-07-15T05:18:09","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T05:18:09","slug":"hidrojen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/hidrojen\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidrojen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hidrojen periyodik tablonun elementleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r ve onu sol \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fede kolayca bulabilirsiniz. \u00d6te yandan onu kimyasal gruplar veya seriler halinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131racak \u00f6zellikler veya \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7ermez. Genellikle kendi grubu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen AI ailesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu element hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin, di\u011fer bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zelliklerinin neler oldu\u011funu, onu kimin ke\u015ffetti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojen nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Atom numaras\u0131 1 ve atom k\u00fctlesi 1.00784 olan en bilinen kimyasal elementtir. Genellikle molek\u00fcler formda olu\u015fan, hafif, kokusuz, renksiz, yan\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen bir gazd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca metal olmayanlar grubuna dahildir. \u00dcst veya de\u011ferlik kabu\u011funda tek bir elektron i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Hidrojen sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">H<\/span><\/span> Ad\u0131, Yunanca su anlam\u0131na gelen <em>Hydros<\/em> ve do\u011fum anlam\u0131na gelen <em>Genos<\/em> kelimelerinin birle\u015fiminden gelmektedir. Bu birle\u015fme <em>, suyu \u00fcreten, do\u011furan veya do\u011furan<\/em> ifadesini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bu H\u2082O molek\u00fcl\u00fcne katk\u0131s\u0131ndan bahseden bir c\u00fcmle.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojenin \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bu gaz \u00e7evreye zarars\u0131z yenilenebilir bir enerji d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcretir. Ayr\u0131ca yo\u011funlu\u011fu havan\u0131nkinden 14 kat daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Benzer \u015fekilde, normal s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7ok az reaktiflik i\u00e7erir, ancak y\u00fcksek termal seviyede genellikle \u00e7ok reaktiftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki di\u011fer m\u00fclkleri ke\u015ffedin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Allotropik<\/strong> : \u0130ki tip allotrop sunar; molek\u00fcler hidrojen veya <sub>H2<\/sub> ve metal.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6v\u00fclebilir<\/strong> : Esneklik, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve parlakl\u0131ktan yoksun olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k sergiler, bu nedenle yarat\u0131lacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczle\u015ftirilemez veya iplik haline getirilemez.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Manyetizma<\/strong> : Hidrojen atomu diyamanyetiktir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sertlik<\/strong> : Bohs \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde mineral sertli\u011fi verilerini i\u00e7ermez.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : Bu metal olmayan renksizdir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Hal<\/strong> : Kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmesine ra\u011fmen ola\u011fan veya do\u011fal hali gazd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Tat ve koku<\/strong> : Tats\u0131z bir tada sahiptir ve kokusu yoktur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong> : Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez ancak ge\u00e7i\u015f metalleri, amorf ve kristal metallerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong> : Oksitleyici elementler, klor, oksijen, flor ile kendili\u011finden reaksiyona girer ve genellikle hidrokarbonlar gibi yan\u0131c\u0131 bile\u015fiklerle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00c7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/strong> : Zararl\u0131 emisyonlar, asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 \u00fcretmez veya ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojenin kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Grup<\/strong> : 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6nem<\/strong> : 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Blok<\/strong> : s<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> : 1.00784<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong> : 0,0899 kg\/m\u00b3<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durum<\/strong> : Gaz<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksit<\/strong> : Amfoterik<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : -1, 1, 0<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131<\/strong> : -259\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong> : -253\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik<\/strong> : 2.2<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ortalama yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/strong> : 25 saat<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/strong> : 37h<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131<\/strong> : 53 saat<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kabuk ba\u015f\u0131na elektron say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon<\/strong> : 1s <sup>1<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 1.4304-10 <sup>4<\/sup> J\/(K-kg)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojenin k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Molek\u00fcler hidrojen veya <sub>H2<\/sub> ilk olarak Paracelsus olarak da bilinen simyac\u0131 T. Von Hohenheim taraf\u0131ndan metallerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asitlerle yapay olarak kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla tan\u0131mland\u0131. Daha sonra Robert Boyle, 1671&#8217;de seyreltik asitler ile demir yataklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan reaksiyonlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Bu sonu\u00e7ta hidrojen gaz\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n<p> Ancak hidrojeni saf halde ke\u015ffeden ki\u015fi 1766 y\u0131l\u0131nda fizik\u00e7i Henry Cavendish&#8217;tir. \u00dcstelik onu ayr\u0131 bir madde olarak da tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deneyi belirli metallerin \u00fczerine asit yerle\u015ftirmekten ibaretti, ard\u0131ndan bilinmeyen ve yan\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemledi. Daha sonra Antoine Lavoisier elemente isim verdi.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojen ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Hidrojenin i\u015flevi g\u00fcbrelere, hidrokarbonlara ve uzay yak\u0131tlar\u0131na uygulanan kimyaya katk\u0131da bulunmakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca elektrik \u00fcretimi, farmakolojik alan ve ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda fizik ile. Hidrojenin di\u011fer kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Fosil yak\u0131tlarla u\u011fra\u015fmak.<\/li>\n<li> Metanol yap\u0131n ve doymam\u0131\u015f ve sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flar\u0131, hidrojenleme maddesi olarak doymu\u015f ya\u011flara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/li>\n<li> Ev temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in amonyak haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li> Termometreleri \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc noktalar\u0131yla kalibre edin.<\/li>\n<li> Hidrojen bombalar\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve radyoaktif izotop trityum ile parlak resimlerde radyasyon yayar.<\/li>\n<li> Elektrik jenerat\u00f6rlerinde so\u011futucu g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li> Atomik hidrojen kayna\u011f\u0131 yaparken koruyucu bir gaz g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li> Metalik mineralleri azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> Hidrojen hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojen nerede bulunur?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Maddenin %70&#8217;i bu gazdan olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in evrende en \u00e7ok bulunan ana elementtir. Ayr\u0131ca genellikle gen\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve gazl\u0131 gezegenlerin atmosferinde saf element olarak bulunur. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinden izler halinde ve \u00e7evrede bulunan bir\u00e7ok organik ve inorganik bile\u015fik bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Hidrojen izotoplar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> \u00dc\u00e7 atomik varyant, yani en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckten en y\u00fcksek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa kadar izotoplar i\u00e7erir: Birincisi, bir proton ve pozitif bir elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7eren, elementin yayg\u0131n bir versiyonu olan Protium olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kincisi D\u00f6teryum olarak bilinir, \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki protona ba\u011fl\u0131 bir n\u00f6tron i\u00e7erir. Son olarak Tririo, protonun yan\u0131nda iki n\u00f6tron.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6zetle hidrojen evrende en \u00e7ok bulunan kimyasal elementtir, gaz halinde bulunur ve periyodik tabloda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r. Kokusuz, renksiz, tats\u0131z ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen bir element olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca oksitleyici elementlerle reaksiyona girer, reaktif olabilir ve havadan hafiftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hidrojen periyodik tablonun elementleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r ve onu sol \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fede kolayca bulabilirsiniz. \u00d6te yandan onu kimyasal gruplar veya seriler halinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131racak \u00f6zellikler veya \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7ermez. Genellikle kendi grubu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen AI ailesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu element hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin, di\u011fer bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zelliklerinin neler oldu\u011funu, onu kimin &#8230; <a title=\"Hidrojen\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/hidrojen\/\" aria-label=\"More on Hidrojen\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hidrojen - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/hidrojen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hidrojen - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hidrojen periyodik tablonun elementleri aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r ve onu sol \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fede kolayca bulabilirsiniz. \u00d6te yandan onu kimyasal gruplar veya seriler halinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131racak \u00f6zellikler veya \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7ermez. 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