{"id":1430,"date":"2023-07-15T17:09:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T17:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/karbon\/"},"modified":"2023-07-15T17:09:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T17:09:51","slug":"karbon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/karbon\/","title":{"rendered":"Karbon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Karbon, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in periyodik tablodaki en \u00f6nemli elementlerden biridir. Asl\u0131nda her nefes ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda karbondioksiti d\u0131\u015far\u0131 verirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca araba motorlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm gazlarda bulunur. Bu kimyasal, \u00f6zellikleri, \u00f6zellikleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Karbon nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Genellikle kat\u0131 halde bulunan e\u015fsiz bir kimyasal elementtir. Olu\u015fum \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fada kristal formda, grafit veya elmas \u015feklinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sert bir malzeme oldu\u011fundan \u00e7elik, al\u00fcminyum gibi di\u011fer metallerin onu absorbe etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Karbon sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left; width: 65px; height: 65px; border: 3px solid #666; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">C<\/span><\/span> sembol\u00fc karbon C harfidir ve atom numaras\u0131 6&#8217;d\u0131r. Bu, bu elementin bir atomunun \u00e7ekirde\u011finde 6 proton oldu\u011fu ve elektron kabu\u011funda 6 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Ayr\u0131ca ana bile\u015fendir. ya\u011flar ve benzinler gibi t\u00fcm hidrokarbonlar\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Karbon \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Periyodik tablodaki karbon Karbonoidler aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, elektri\u011fi ileten ve metalik bir elementtir. Ayr\u0131ca oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131d\u0131r ancak 3600\u00b0C&#8217;nin \u00fczerindeki bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek gaz haline gelebilir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellikleri \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Grafit:<\/strong> Siyah, yumu\u015fak ve opak olup lekeleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fundan \u00e7izim ve yaz\u0131 kalemlerinde dolgu maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Nanot\u00fcpler:<\/strong> Bunlar silindirlere sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve u\u00e7lar\u0131nda karbon yar\u0131mk\u00fcreleri ile kaplanm\u0131\u015f grafit tabakalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elmas:<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 karbon atomuna sahiptirler ancak elmas sert ve \u015feffaf bir ta\u015f oldu\u011fundan yap\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>T\u00fcfekler:<\/strong> Elektriksel olarak n\u00f6tr ve tek de\u011ferlikli yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir atomdur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Fullerenler:<\/strong> Bunlar be\u015fgen veya yedigen \u015feklinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 60 karbon atomudur ve bu onlara k\u00fcresel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Karbonun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131:<\/strong> 6<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumu:<\/strong> +4<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Valensiya:<\/strong> 2, +4,-4<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik:<\/strong> 2,5<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (A):<\/strong> 0,914<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap (A):<\/strong> 0,77<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u0130yonik yar\u0131\u00e7ap (A):<\/strong> 0,15<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom k\u00fctlesi:<\/strong> 12.01115<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : \u015eeffaf ve Siyah<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durum:<\/strong> Sa\u011flam.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131:<\/strong> 3825\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131:<\/strong> 3550\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> : 12.011<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u0130zotoptaki n\u00f6tronlar:<\/strong> 6<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Protonlar:<\/strong> 6<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronlar:<\/strong> 6<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon:<\/strong> 1s <sup>2<\/sup> 2s <sup>2<\/sup> 2p <sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <strong>Birinci iyonla\u015fma potansiyeli (ev):<\/strong> 11.34<\/li>\n<li> <strong>20\u00b0C&#8217;de yo\u011funluk:<\/strong> 2,267 g\/cm\u00b3 (gr), 3,513 g\/ <sup>cm3<\/sup> (id)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>karbonun k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> K\u00f6m\u00fcr tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde ke\u015ffedildi ve antik \u00e7a\u011flarda inorganik malzemelerin eksik yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00fcretim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Fullerenler ise 1980&#8217;lerde molek\u00fcler gazlarla yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 deneylerde yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Karbon ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Organ sistemindeki enzimler taraf\u0131ndan manip\u00fcle edildi\u011fi ve kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in canl\u0131larda temel bir kimyasald\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki organik ya\u015fam\u0131n, karbonhidratlar ve proteinler gibi bile\u015fenlerin olu\u015fumu ve organizman\u0131n fizyolojik i\u015fleyi\u015fi i\u00e7in karbona ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p> Bir karbon polimeri olan sel\u00fcloz ile kenevir, pamuk, keten gibi elyaflar yap\u0131yoruz. Ayr\u0131ca plastik nesnelerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan sentetik polimerler de vard\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan grafit, di\u011fer nesneleri yapmak i\u00e7in kil ile birle\u015ftirilen ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar ve pigmentlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> K\u00f6m\u00fcr, genellikle barbek\u00fc olarak bilinen etlerin pi\u015firilmesinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Aktif karbon ayn\u0131 zamanda su ar\u0131tma filtrelerinde, mutfak davlumbazlar\u0131nda ve gaz maskelerinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Son olarak karbonun bir formu olan elmas tak\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel k\u0131s\u0131mda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r, ta\u015f ve metallerin delinmesi, cilalanmas\u0131 ve kesilmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Karbon nerede bulunur?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Do\u011fada yayg\u0131n olarak bulunur ve yer kabu\u011funun %0,032&#8217;sini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Serbest formunda, elementin nitrojen ve hidrojen ile amorf bir formu olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck yataklardan elde edilir. \u00d6te yandan elmas ve grafitlerde saf kristal karbon bulunur.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bu, bu elementin okyanuslarda, atmosferde ve d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinde jeolojik, fiziksel, biyolojik ve kimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7ler yoluyla dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal yolu varsayar. Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n ve maddelerin beslenmesi, yenilenmesi ve hayatta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temeldir.<\/p>\n<p> Atmosferdeki karbondioksit, fotosentez ad\u0131 verilen olayla g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bitkiler taraf\u0131ndan emilir. Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6lmesinden y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l sonra k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrole, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaza ve do\u011fal gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmekte ve bunlar daha sonra insanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan end\u00fcstriyel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in i\u015flenmektedir. Sonunda yak\u0131tlar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda karbon yeniden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve d\u00f6ng\u00fc devam eder.<\/p>\n<p> Sonu\u00e7 olarak karbon periyodik tablodaki elementlerden biridir ve canl\u0131lara faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulamalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fccevherat, keten imalat\u0131, plastik kaplar, pamuk, ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar, kalemler ve di\u011ferleridir.<\/p>\n<h2> Karbon hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karbon, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in periyodik tablodaki en \u00f6nemli elementlerden biridir. Asl\u0131nda her nefes ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda karbondioksiti d\u0131\u015far\u0131 verirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca araba motorlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm gazlarda bulunur. Bu kimyasal, \u00f6zellikleri, \u00f6zellikleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin. Karbon nedir? Genellikle kat\u0131 halde bulunan e\u015fsiz bir kimyasal elementtir. Olu\u015fum \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fada kristal formda, &#8230; <a title=\"Karbon\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/karbon\/\" aria-label=\"More on Karbon\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Karbon - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/karbon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karbon - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Karbon, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in periyodik tablodaki en \u00f6nemli elementlerden biridir. 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