{"id":1429,"date":"2023-07-15T18:27:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T18:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sodyum\/"},"modified":"2023-07-15T18:27:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-15T18:27:36","slug":"sodyum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sodyum\/","title":{"rendered":"Sodyum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avrupa G\u00fcney G\u00f6zlemevi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki sodyum miktar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse patlayabilece\u011fini belirledi. Bu nedenle bu elementin gezegen k\u00fctlesinde en \u00e7ok bulunan alt\u0131nc\u0131 element olarak kabul edilmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca okyanuslarda %80&#8217;e kadar iyonik formda bulunur. \u00d6zellikleri, \u00f6zellikleri ve modern uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyum nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Temel olarak, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f renkli ve do\u011fada bol miktarda bulunan yumu\u015fak, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, tereya\u011fl\u0131 bir alkali metaldir. Sodyumun en yayg\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fi evinizdeki sofra tuzunda bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Su, oksijen, klor, karbon ve nitrojen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendili\u011finden sar\u0131ms\u0131 bir alevle reaksiyona girdi\u011finden y\u00fcksek reaktivite g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h3> <strong>Sodyum sembol\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span class=\"content-chemical-element\" style=\"float: left;width: 65px;height: 65px;border: 3px solid #666; display:flex;\n    justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin-right: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 38px;\">Na<\/span><\/span> Sodyumun sembol\u00fc, Latince <em>natrium<\/em> ve Yunanca <em>nitron<\/em> kelimelerinden olu\u015fan natron kelimesinden gelen, sodyum karbonat\u0131n etimolojik ad\u0131 olan Na&#8217;d\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa&#8217;s\u0131nda migrene \u00e7are olarak <em>sodadan<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen bir bile\u015fik kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyumun \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Do\u011fada serbest\u00e7e bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ticari olarak en \u00f6nemli alkali metaldir. \u00d6te yandan Mohs skalas\u0131na g\u00f6re 1,2 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden sertlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eksiklik g\u00f6stermektedir. Di\u011fer \u00f6zellikler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Renk<\/strong> : G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc parlak g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi beyaz olup, hava ile etkile\u015fime girdi\u011finde grimsi bir renk al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durumu<\/strong> : Do\u011fal \u015fartlarda sa\u011flamd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Metal t\u00fcr\u00fc:<\/strong> Paramanyetik.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u0130letkenlik<\/strong> : M\u00fckemmel termal ve elektriksel iletkenlik.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Allotropik<\/strong> : Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Etkile\u015fim<\/strong> : Su, kar, buz gibi sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerle \u015fiddetli patlamalar olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ek mineraller:<\/strong> Bir klor\u00fcr, oksit veya karbonat tabakas\u0131yla \u00e7evrelenirler.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6v\u00fclebilirlik:<\/strong> \u0130yi.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Hacim:<\/strong> Na+ katyonu h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n hacmini ve ozmolaritesini korur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyumun kimyasal ve fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li> <strong>Atom numaras\u0131<\/strong> : 11<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Grup<\/strong> : 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>D\u00f6nem<\/strong> : 3<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Blok<\/strong> : s<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> : 22,98976928(2)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Yo\u011funluk<\/strong> : 968 kg\/m\u00b3<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Durum<\/strong> : Kat\u0131<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksit<\/strong> : Na2O<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Oksidasyon durumlar\u0131<\/strong> : +1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Erime noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 98\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kaynama noktas\u0131<\/strong> : 883\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 1230 J\/(K-kg)<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronegatiflik<\/strong> : 0,93<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Ortalama yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/strong> : 180 saat<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Kovalent yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/strong> : 154 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131<\/strong> : 190 pm<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Katman ba\u015f\u0131na elektron say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> : 2, 8, 1<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Elektronik konfig\u00fcrasyon<\/strong> : [Ne]3s1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyumun k\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Sodyumu kimin ke\u015ffetti\u011fini merak ediyorsan\u0131z, 1807&#8217;de \u0130ngiliz kimyager Sir Humphrey Davy&#8217;dir. Bilim adam\u0131, elektroliz yoluyla kostik soda kullanarak elementin birka\u00e7 gram\u0131n\u0131 izole etti. B\u00f6ylece kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebildi. Daha sonra 1814&#8217;te J\u00f6ns Jakob Na ifadesini icat etti veya ona \u015fekil verdi. Son olarak <em>sodyuma<\/em> at\u0131fta bulunan semboloji, kimyasal sembol sistemine entegre edildi.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyum ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> G\u0131dalarda ve organizmalardaki di\u011fer kimyasal i\u015flemlerde bulunur. \u00d6rne\u011fin sodyum klor\u00fcr bir\u00e7ok canl\u0131y\u0131 besler. \u00d6te yandan sanayide cam, ya\u011f, ka\u011f\u0131t ve metal \u00fcretimi amac\u0131yla bu elementi i\u00e7eren \u00fcr\u00fcnler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> Benzer \u015fekilde, di\u011fer kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda deodorantlar, deterjanlar, sabunlar, antiseptikler gibi tekstil, kimya, temizlik ve hijyen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin imalat\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Daha az oranda metal ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda, t\u0131bbi tedavilerde ve ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde baz\u0131 peynir t\u00fcrlerinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h2> <strong>10 Sodyum Bile\u015fikleri ve Kullan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Kimyasal bir element olarak hem end\u00fcstriyel hem de evsel olarak kullan\u0131lan ek bile\u015fiklerden olu\u015fur. Her biri belirli i\u015flevleri yerine getirir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>Kabartma tozu<\/strong> : Evde mide ek\u015fimesi ile m\u00fccadelede veya ya\u011f \u00f6nleyici olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum Karbonat<\/strong> : Cam, sabun ve boya \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum poliakrilat<\/strong> : Bebek bezleri, \u0131slak mendiller, hijyenik pedler ve benzeri hijyen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde bulunan s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 emmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum Hidroksit<\/strong> : Veya kanalizasyon temizleyicileri, f\u0131r\u0131n ya\u011f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcleri ve sabunlar gibi temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde kullan\u0131lan kostik soda.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum Sitrat<\/strong> : Mide asiditesini d\u00fczenlemek, g\u0131dalar\u0131, i\u00e7ecekleri muhafaza etmek ve ya\u011f em\u00fclgat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum Nitrat<\/strong> : G\u0131da koruyucu, g\u00fcbre, \u00e7imento katk\u0131 maddesi olarak ve at\u0131k su ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum \u0130yod\u00fcr<\/strong> : Ast\u0131m, bron\u015fit ve tiroid tedavisinde, besin takviyesi olarak ve veteriner hekimlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Boraks<\/strong> : Kuma\u015f yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda, deterjanlarda, dezenfektanlarda, sabunlarda ve b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi s\u0131r, bal\u00e7\u0131k, cam ve seramik yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum eritorbat<\/strong> : Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ete ve alkols\u00fcz i\u00e7eceklerin muhafazas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Sodyum trifosfat<\/strong> : \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r deterjan\u0131 veya sabun gibi dezenfektan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda ve sert sular\u0131n yumu\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> <strong>Sodyum al\u0131n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> Bunu \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n en ekonomik yolu, erimi\u015f halde elektrolize edilen, Downs i\u015flemi olarak da bilinen sodyum klor\u00fcr elektrolizidir. Bir di\u011fer proses ise Castner-Kellner prosesidir, ancak bu end\u00fcstriyel proses bir \u00f6nceki prosese g\u00f6re daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p> \u00d6zetle sodyum, kat\u0131, yumu\u015fak, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahip bir alkali metaldir. Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek reaktivite i\u00e7erir ve okyanuslarda iyonik formda ve di\u011fer bile\u015fiklerde bol miktarda bulunur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde temizlik, hijyen, kimya ve tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin imalat\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h2> Sodyum hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avrupa G\u00fcney G\u00f6zlemevi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki sodyum miktar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse patlayabilece\u011fini belirledi. Bu nedenle bu elementin gezegen k\u00fctlesinde en \u00e7ok bulunan alt\u0131nc\u0131 element olarak kabul edilmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca okyanuslarda %80&#8217;e kadar iyonik formda bulunur. \u00d6zellikleri, \u00f6zellikleri ve modern uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin. Sodyum nedir? Temel olarak, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f renkli &#8230; <a title=\"Sodyum\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sodyum\/\" aria-label=\"More on Sodyum\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sodyum - Chemuza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/tr\/sodyum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sodyum - Chemuza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avrupa G\u00fcney G\u00f6zlemevi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki sodyum miktar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse patlayabilece\u011fini belirledi. 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