{"id":831,"date":"2023-07-20T21:25:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T21:25:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/naoh%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0%e5%8f%af%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T21:25:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T21:25:33","slug":"naoh%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0%e5%8f%af%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/naoh%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0%e5%8f%af%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48naoh\uff08\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff09\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u662f\u7684\uff0cNaOH\uff08\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff09\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u5b83\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Na\u207a\uff09\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\uff08OH\u207b\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u78b1\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1aNaOH \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> NaOH\uff08\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u79bb\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u56f4\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6240\u5f97\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u6d53\u5ea6\u3001\u6405\u62cc\u3001\u7c92\u5f84\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li> NaOH \u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\u3001\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u80a5\u7682\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4 pH \u8c03\u8282\u3001\u6e05\u6d01\u548c\u8131\u8102\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1aNaOH\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\"> <em>NaOH\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f3a\u79bb\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u56f4\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6240\u5f97\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u56fa\u4f53 NaOH \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\uff1a\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50 (Na+) \u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (OH-)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u7535\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6781\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e26\u7535\u79bb\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u6c22\u7aef\u88ab\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\uff08OH-\uff09\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d1f\u6c27\u7aef\u88ab\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Na+\uff09\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u56f4\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solvation_shell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6c34\u5316\u58f3<\/a>\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u79bb\u5b50\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u56fa\u4f53 NaOH\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u5206\u5e26\u7535\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5927\u4e8e\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4 NaOH \u5b8c\u5168\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solution_(chemistry)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5747\u5300\u6eb6\u6db2<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cNaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f3a\u79bb\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cdNaOH\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6e29\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6765\u7834\u574f Na+ \u548c OH- \u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u7684 NaOH \u6eb6\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cNaOH \u5728\u70ed\u6c34\u4e2d\u6bd4\u5728\u51b7\u6c34\u4e2d\u66f4\u6613\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d53\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684 NaOH \u6d53\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u7684 NaOH \u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u6eb6\u89e3\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u989d\u5916\u7684 NaOH \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5171\u79bb\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6405\u62cc\uff1a<\/strong>\u6405\u62cc\u6216\u6405\u52a8\u6eb6\u6db2\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8 NaOH \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u65b0\u9c9c\u6eb6\u5242\u4e0e\u56fa\u4f53 NaOH \u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u56fa\u6db2\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u6eb6\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7c92\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong>\u7ec6\u7c89\u72b6\u7684 NaOH \u6bd4\u5927\u5757\u6216\u9897\u7c92\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7c92\u5f84\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53ef\u4e0e\u6eb6\u5242\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/strong>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd NaOH \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e NaOH \u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\u7684\u76d0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u540c\u79bb\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u6216\u7edc\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u79bb\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6c34\u6eb6\u89e3\u6240\u5f97\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong>NaOH \u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> NaOH \u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u3001\u80a5\u7682\u548c\u7eb8\u5f20\uff09\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u878d\u5165\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u6c34\u7684 pH \u503c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8 pH \u503c\u6765\u4e2d\u548c\u9178\u6027\u6c34\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u5408\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u80a5\u7682\u548c\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u751f\u4ea7\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u662f\u7682\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u6216\u6cb9\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u80a5\u7682\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e NaOH \u5728\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u63d0\u53d6\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u4ece\u94dd\u571f\u77ff\u77ff\u77f3\u751f\u4ea7\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cNaOH \u7528\u4e8e\u6eb6\u89e3\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff08\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u827a\u79f0\u4e3a<a href=\"http:\/\/acshist.scs.illinois.edu\/bulletin_open_access\/num17-18\/num17-18%20p15-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u62dc\u8033\u5de5\u827a<\/a>\uff0c\u5229\u7528 NaOH \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7cbe\u70bc\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e05\u6d01\u548c\u8131\u8102\uff1a<\/strong> NaOH \u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u6e05\u6d01\u548c\u8131\u8102\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u8868\u9762\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u6cb9\u3001\u6cb9\u8102\u548c\u6709\u673a\u6b8b\u7559\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f NaOH \u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/caso4\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\/\">CaSO4\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417<br \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u76d0\u9178\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\/\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48HCl\uff08\u76d0\u9178\uff09\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1f<br \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/ccl4\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\/\">CCl4\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417<br \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u950c\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\/\">\u786b\u5316\u950c\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417<br \/><\/a><a 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