{"id":824,"date":"2023-07-20T22:40:01","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/kcl%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%be%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T22:40:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:40:01","slug":"kcl%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%be%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/kcl%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%be%e6%ba%b6%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%b4%e5%90%97\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48kcl\uff08\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\uff09\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u662f\u7684\uff0cKCl\uff08\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\uff09\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u5b83\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5b83\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u4f1a\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\uff08K+\uff09\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Cl-\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6781\u6027\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u6c34\u5408\u5305\u56f4\u5e76\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps\/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)\/Thermodynamics\/Energies_and_Potentials\/Enthalpy\/Hydration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u79bb\u5b50<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1aKCl \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u79bb\u5b50\uff08K+ \u548c Cl-\uff09\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u5468\u56f4\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u5408\u58f3\uff0cKCl \u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001pH\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li> KCl \u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u4f20\u70ed\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 KCl \u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\"><em>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u9759\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0cKCl \u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u5f53 KCl \u653e\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u6781\u6027\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u56f4 K+ \u548c Cl- \u79bb\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u79bb\u5b50\u5468\u56f4\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u5316\u58f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u6563\u5e76\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\uff0cKCl\u662f\u7531\u94be\u79bb\u5b50(K+)\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50(Cl-)\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 K+\u79bb\u5b50\u56e0\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u800cCl-\u79bb\u5b50\u56e0\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\uff08\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u5e26\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff08\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u5e26\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u5c06 KCl \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u6781\uff08\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u8d1f\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d1f\u7aef\uff08\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u88ab\u6b63\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u9759\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chem.purdue.edu\/gchelp\/liquids\/iondip.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u79bb\u5b50\u5076\u6781\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/a>\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u56f4 K+ \u548c Cl- \u79bb\u5b50\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solvation_shell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6c34\u5408\u58f3<\/a>\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7834\u574f KCl \u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 KCl \u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cdKCl\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u53d7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6e29\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fa\u4f53\u6eb6\u8d28\uff08\u5305\u62ec KCl\uff09\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7834\u574f KCl \u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u5e76\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u538b\u529b\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cKCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53d7\u538b\u529b\u7684\u663e\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u538b\u529b\u5bf9\u56fa\u4f53\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u79bb\u5b50\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u79bb\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd KCl \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79bb\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u9ad8\u79bb\u5b50\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff08\u542b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6eb6\u89e3\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e KCl \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>pH \u503c\uff1a<\/strong>\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u503c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd KCl \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002 pH \u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f71\u54cd\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u6216\u590d\u5408\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/strong>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e KCl \u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u79bb\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6eb6\u6db2\u5df2\u542b\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 K+ \u6216 Cl- \u79bb\u5b50\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u94be\u6216\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u5219 KCl \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c1\u79bb\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11 KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong>KCl \u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong> KCl \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4f5c\u5316\u80a5\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u94be\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e76\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u63ba\u5165\u6db2\u4f53\u80a5\u6599\u4e2d\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u56fa\u4f53\u80a5\u6599\u65bd\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u533b\u7597\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> KCl \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u6db2\u548c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u8865\u5145\u5236\u5242\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u60a3\u8005\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u94be\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6216\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5931\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u4f4e\u94a0\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ba\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u98df\u54c1\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u5e76\u7528\u4f5c\u76d0\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong> KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u5907\u6807\u51c6\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u6821\u51c6\u4eea\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u786e\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f20\u70ed\u6d41\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2f\u5316\u94be\u6eb6\u6db2\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u4f20\u70ed\u6d41\u4f53\u3002 KCl \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u65e0\u6bd2\u3001\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u70ed\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> KCl 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