{"id":585,"date":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T10:24:52","slug":"%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e6%b0%af%e5%8c%96%e9%92%a0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0 \u2013 \u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff0c7647-14-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff08NaCl\uff09\u662f\u7531\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u98df\u76d0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u5473\u98df\u7269\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u98df\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAS \u53f7<\/td>\n7647-14-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/td>\n\u5ca9\u76d0\u3001\u5ca9\u76d0\u3001\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u6d77\u76d0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1<\/td>\nInChI=1S\/ClH.Na\/h1H;\/q;+1\/p-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u914d\u65b9<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u662f NaCl\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50 (Na+) \u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50 (Cl-) \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8be5\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u8868\u793a\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf of NaCl<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u98df\u76d0\uff09\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a 58.44 g\/mol\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u6469\u5c14\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u542b\u6709 58.44 \u514b\u8be5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u94a0 (Na) \u548c\u6c2f (Cl) \u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 22.99 g\/mol \u548c 35.45 g\/mol\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9<\/h6>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\u8fbe 1,413 \u00b0C (2,575 \u00b0F)\u3002\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4ece\u56fa\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6db2\u6001\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u9759\u7535\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u6bd4\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8981\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u7194\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a 801\u00b0C (1474\u00b0F)\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9ad8\u7194\u70b9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u514b\u670d\u5c06\u79bb\u5b50\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u9759\u7535\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4ece\u56fa\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6db2\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u5bc6\u5ea6g\/ml<\/p>\n

\u5ba4\u6e29\uff0825\u00b0C \u6216 77\u00b0F\uff09\u4e0b\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a 2.165 g\/mL\u3002\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u6bcf\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u79ef\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u3002\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a 58.44 g\/mol\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u5355\u4f4d NaCl \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n

\n
\"\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h6>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u4ee5 1:1 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u89c4\u5219\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u88ab\u516d\u4e2a\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u88ab\u516d\u4e2a\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u5305\u56f4\u3002\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5916\u8c8c<\/td>\n\u767d\u8272\u7ed3\u6676\u56fa\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6bd4\u91cd<\/td>\n2.165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u989c\u8272<\/td>\n\u65e0\u8272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u95fb<\/td>\n\u65e0\u5473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n58.44 \u514b\/\u6469\u5c14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n2,165 \u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u878d\u5408\u70b9<\/td>\n801\u00b0C (1474\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6cb8\u70b9<\/td>\n1,413\u00b0C (2,575\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u95ea\u70b9<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n20\u00b0C \u65f6\u4e3a 359 \u514b\/\u5347<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u7518\u6cb9\uff1b\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u4e59\u9187\u548c\u4e19\u916e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\u529b<\/td>\n\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u84b8\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9178\u5ea6<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9178\u78b1\u5ea6<\/td>\n7\uff08\u4e2d\u6027\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5371\u9669\u6027<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff08NaCl\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u4f1a\u5bf9\u773c\u775b\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u547c\u5438\u9053\u9020\u6210\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u6444\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8131\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5931\u8861\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u53ef\u71c3\u6750\u6599\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u706b\u707e\u548c\u7206\u70b8\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u5bf9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u4e8b\u6545\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 NaCl \u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5357\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u635f\u574f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5371\u9669\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u8bf4\u660e<\/td>\n\u541e\u54bd\u6216\u5438\u5165\u6709\u5bb3\u3002\u5f15\u8d77\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u773c\u775b\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8bc6\u522b\u53f7<\/td>\n\u8054\u5408\u56fd7646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6d77\u5173\u7f16\u7801<\/td>\n2501.00.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5305\u88c5\u7ec4\u522b<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6bd2\u6027<\/td>\nLD50\uff08\u5927\u9f20\u53e3\u670d\uff09 \u2013 3,000 mg\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76d0\u77ff\u548c\u6d77\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5408\u6210\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5408\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u76d0\u9178 (HCl)<\/a>\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0 (NaOH)<\/a>\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u548c\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H2O<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u78b3\u9178\u94a0 (Na2CO3) \u4e0e\u76d0\u9178 (HCl) \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c34\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

2HCl + Na2CO3 \u2192 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n

\u94a0\u548c\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6e29\u548c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

2Na + Cl2 \u2192 2NaCl<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u8bd5\u5242\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7eaf\u5ea6\u548c\u4ea7\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u9009\u62e9\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7a00\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u98df\u76d0\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u8c03\u5473\u5242\u548c\u589e\u5473\u5242\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u98df\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u8089\u7c7b\u548c\u70d8\u7119\u98df\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u6db2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u533b\u7597\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c2f\u6c14\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u5408\u996e\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. \u519c\u4e1a\uff1a\u7528\u4f5c\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u9700\u517b\u5206\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n
  6. \u9664\u51b0\uff1a\u51ac\u5b63\u7528\u4f5c\u9053\u8def\u3001\u4eba\u884c\u9053\u7684\u9664\u51b0\u5242\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u8def\u9762\u6e7f\u6ed1\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/li>\n
  7. \u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0c\u5982\u5c3c\u9f99\u3001\u805a\u916f\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
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