{"id":548,"date":"2023-07-22T15:33:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T15:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%a2%b3%e9%85%b8-h2co3\/"},"modified":"2023-07-22T15:33:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T15:33:12","slug":"%e7%a2%b3%e9%85%b8-h2co3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%a2%b3%e9%85%b8-h2co3\/","title":{"rendered":"H2co3 \u2013 \u78b3\u9178\uff0c463-79-6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u9178 (H2CO3)\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u6d77\u6d0b pH \u503c\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5ca9\u77f3\u98ce\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u78b3\u9178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CAS \u53f7<\/td>\n<td>463-79-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/td>\n<td>\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u9178\u5473\uff1b\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u9178\u5473\uff1b H2CO3\uff1b\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u4e9a\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u70f7\uff1b\u9178\u6027\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\uff1b\u7f9f\u57fa\u916e\uff1b\u4e8c\u7f9f\u57fa\u7532\u916e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1<\/td>\n<td>InChI=1S\/CH2O3\/c2-1(3)4\/h(H2,2,3,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u662fH2CO3\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a 62.03 g\/mol\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8c03\u8282\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684 pH \u503c\u3002\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u7279\u5b9a pH \u503c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9178\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u78b3\u9178\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 333 K (60 \u00b0C) \u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u7194\u70b9<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7194\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u7194\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u78b3\u9178\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 273 K (-0.15 \u00b0C) \u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u5bc6\u5ea6g\/ml<\/h6>\n<p>\u5ba4\u6e29 (25\u00b0C) \u4e0b\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a 1.67 g\/mL\u3002\u8be5\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/h2co3.jpg\" alt=\"\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\" width=\"163\" height=\"92\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u5177\u6709\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c27\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c22\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u4e0a\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u952e\u4e0e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a62.03 g\/mol\u3002\u8be5\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6c22 (H)\u3001\u78b3 (C) \u548c\u6c27 (O) \u6784\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u8c8c<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8272\u6db2\u4f53\u6216\u7ed3\u6676\u56fa\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bd4\u91cd<\/td>\n<td>1.67\u514b\/\u7acb\u65b9\u5398\u7c73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u989c\u8272<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u95fb<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u5473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>62.03 \u514b\/\u6469\u5c14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u5ba4\u6e29 (25\u00b0C) \u4e0b\u4e3a 1.67 \u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u878d\u5408\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u7ea6 273 K (-0.15 \u00b0C) \u65f6\u5206\u89e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6cb8\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u7ea6 333 K (60\u00b0C) \u65f6\u5206\u89e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u95ea\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u5168\u6eb6\u89e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u3001\u7532\u9187<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u84b8\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9178\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>3.6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89e3\u79bb\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9178\u78b1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>5.6\uff080.1M\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u78b3\u9178 \u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5371\u9669<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178 (H2CO3) \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\u3002\u63a5\u89e6 H2CO3 \u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u773c\u775b\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u54b3\u55fd\u3001\u5598\u606f\u548c\u547c\u5438\u77ed\u4fc3\u3002\u6444\u5165 H2CO3 \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u80c3\u90e8\u4e0d\u9002\u3001\u6076\u5fc3\u548c\u5455\u5410\u3002 H2CO3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u94dd\u548c\u950c\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6613\u71c3\u7684\u6c22\u6c14\u3002\u5904\u7406\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 H2CO3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7f\u7740\u9632\u62a4\u670d\u548c\u5145\u5206\u901a\u98ce\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u533b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5371\u9669\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b89\u5168\u8bf4\u660e<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8bc6\u522b\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>1824\u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6d77\u5173\u7f16\u7801<\/td>\n<td>28111990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td>8 \u2013 \u8150\u8680\u6027\u7269\u8d28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5305\u88c5\u7ec4\u522b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e09\u3001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bd2\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u78b3\u9178\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>H2CO3 \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u4f7f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff08CO2\uff09\u4e0e\u6c34\uff08H2O\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c34\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u78b3\u9178\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> CO2 + H2O \u2192 H2CO3<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u78b3\u9178\u9499 (CaCO3) \u4e0e\u9178\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76d0\u9178 (HCl)\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u78b3\u9178\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u8349\u9178\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u78b3\u9178\u94a0 (Na2CO3)\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u78b3\u9178\u548c\u76d0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8349\u9178\u94a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> H2C2O4 + Na2CO3 \u2192 2H2CO3 + Na2C2O4<\/p>\n<p>\u7d22\u5c14\u7ef4\u5de5\u827a\u901a\u8fc7\u78b3\u9178\u94a0 (Na2CO3) \u4e0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c34\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u78b3\u9178\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p> 2NaHCO3 + CO2 \u2192 Na2CO3 + H2CO3<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u78b3\u9178\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7eaf\u5ea6\u3001\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u9700\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u78b3\u9178\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\u78b3\u9178 (H2CO3) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u3002 H2CO3 \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u78b3\u9178\u996e\u6599\uff1aH2CO3 \u662f\u82cf\u6253\u6c34\u548c\u5564\u9152\u7b49\u78b3\u9178\u996e\u6599\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5636\u5636\u58f0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<li> H2CO3 \u53ef\u7f13\u51b2\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 pH \u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7f6e\u6362\u6c27\u6c14\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u71c3\u70e7\u6765\u6291\u5236\u706b\u707e\u3002<\/li>\n<li> H2CO3 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u9709\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u5242\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53bb\u9664\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 H2CO3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cbb\u7597\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ae\u80a4\u75c5\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u80ba\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u8bf1\u5bfc\u652f\u6c14\u7ba1\u6536\u7f29\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u710a\u5de5\u4f7f\u7528 H2CO3 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