{"id":433,"date":"2023-07-23T09:01:06","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T09:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e9%93%b5%e7%a6%bb%e5%ad%90-nh4\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T09:01:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T09:01:06","slug":"%e9%93%b5%e7%a6%bb%e5%ad%90-nh4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e9%93%b5%e7%a6%bb%e5%ad%90-nh4\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh4+\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fNH4+\u94f5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50 (NH4+) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u963f\u624e\u5c3c\u59c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u6c28\u6c34+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> CAS \u53f7<\/td>\n<td>14798-03-9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/td>\n<td>\u94f5\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3001\u56db\u6c22\u6c2e (1+)\u3001\u94f5\u3001\u6c2e\u9393\u3001\u6c2e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3001\u6c22\u6c2e\u3001\u6c2e\u79bb\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1<\/td>\n<td>InChI=1S\/H3N\/h1H3\/p+1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1aInChI \u6d89\u53ca\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u7535\u79bb\u6c22\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684 InChI \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u662fNH4+\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u6c28 (NH3) \u4e0e\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+) \u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u662f\u65e0\u673a\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u70b8\u836f\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u9633\u79bb\u5b50<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aNH4+\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u56db\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u6c28 (NH3) \u63a5\u53d7\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50 (H+) \u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u94f5\u76d0\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50 (NH4+) \u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a 18.04 g\/mol\u3002\u8be5\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 1 \u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\uff0814.01 g\/mol\uff09\u548c 4 \u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u5404 1.01 g\/mol\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u786e\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9<\/h6>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u76d0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5 (NH4Cl)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u6cb8\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e3a 520 \u00b0C\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6c2f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7194\u70b9<\/h6>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6cb8\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u7194\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7eaf\u51c0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u76d0\uff0c\u5982\u785d\u9178\u94f5 (NH4NO3)\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a 169.6\u00b0C\u3002\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u53d7\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u785d\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6g\/ml<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50 (NH4+) \u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u76d0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u786b\u9178\u94f5 (NH4)2SO4\uff0c\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a 1.77 g\/cm3\u3002\u542b\u6709\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u76d0\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53d7\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50 (NH4+) \u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a 18.04 g\/mol\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 1 \u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u548c 4 \u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u662f\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u786e\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ammonium.jpg\" alt=\"\u6c28\u6c34+\" width=\"164\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h6>\n<p>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50 (NH4+) \u5177\u6709\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u56db\u89d2\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4e3a+1\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4e3a-1\u3002\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u662f\u6c28\uff08NH3\uff09\u4e0e\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\uff08H+\uff09\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u662f\u65e0\u673a\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u70b8\u836f\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u8c8c<\/td>\n<td>\u767d\u8272\u6216\u65e0\u8272\u7ed3\u6676\u56fa\u4f53\u6c14\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6bd4\u91cd<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u989c\u8272<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u95fb<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u5473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>18.04 \u514b\/\u6469\u5c14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u76d0\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u4e3a 1.77 g\/cm3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u878d\u5408\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u76d0\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u4e3a 169.6\u00b0C\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6cb8\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u76d0\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u4e3a 520 \u00b0C\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u95ea\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6781\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u6df7\u6eb6\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u4e8e\u9187\u548c\u6db2\u6c28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u84b8\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff08\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9178\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>9.25\uff08\u5171\u8f6d\u9178\uff0c\u94f5\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9178\u78b1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>7\uff08\u4e2d\u6027\uff09\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u8868\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5371\u9669\u6027<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\u7eaf\u51c0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5371\u9669\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u6216\u5f3a\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u6c28\u6c14\u3002\u5f53\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u70ed\u6216\u706b\u7130\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u706b\u707e\u548c\u7206\u70b8\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u773c\u775b\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u9669\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5371\u9669\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\n<td>\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7eaf\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b89\u5168\u8bf4\u660e<\/td>\n<td>\u541e\u54bd\u3001\u5438\u5165\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u76ae\u80a4\u5438\u6536\u6709\u5bb3\u3002\u5bf9\u76ae\u80a4\u3001\u773c\u775b\u548c\u547c\u5438\u9053\u9020\u6210\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u6bd2\u6c28\u6c14\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u706b\u707e\u548c\u7206\u70b8\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8bc6\u522b\u7801<\/td>\n<td>3077\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u94f5\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u94f5\u76d0\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6d77\u5173\u7f16\u7801<\/td>\n<td>2827.10.00\uff08\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u94f5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u94f5\u76d0\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td>9\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u5371\u9669\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7269\u4f53\uff09\u9488\u5bf9\u94f5\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c8 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