{"id":396,"date":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%a1%9d%e9%85%b8-hno3\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T15:04:52","slug":"%e7%a1%9d%e9%85%b8-hno3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%a1%9d%e9%85%b8-hno3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u785d\u9178 \u2013 hno3, 7697-37-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u785d\u9178\uff08HNO3\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u4e14\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u9178\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u70b8\u836f\u548c\u7eba\u7ec7\u5370\u67d3\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u71c3\u70e7\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u540d\u79f0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u785d\u9178<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u785d\u9178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>CAS \u53f7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>7697-37-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6d53\u6c34\u3001\u785d\u7075\u3001\u4e9a\u785d\u9178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4e59\u9170\u80c6\u78b1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>InChI=1S\/HNO3\/c2-1(3)4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178 \u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a 63.01 g\/mol\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e0e 12 \u514b\u7eaf\u78b3 12 \u76f8\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u914d\u65b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u662fHNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;\u3002\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e3a 83.0\u00b0C (181.4\u00b0F)\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4ece\u6db2\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u785d\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5904\u7406\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u7684\u7194\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a-41.5\u00b0C (-42.7\u00b0F)\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u785d\u9178\u7684\u4f4e\u7194\u70b9\u4f7f\u5176\u6613\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6db2\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u5bc6\u5ea6 g\/ml<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.51 g\/mL\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u6bcf\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u79ef\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u3002\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/nitric-acid.jpg\" alt=\"\u785d\u9178\" width=\"116\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a63.01 g\/mol\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u785d\u9178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6db2\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u75311\u4e2a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u30011\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u548c3\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e3aHNO3\u3002\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u56f4\u7ed5\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u4ee5\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5e73\u9762\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5916\u8c8c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8272\u6db2\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6bd4\u91cd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.51\u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u989c\u8272<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u95fb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6709\u523a\u9f3b\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>63.01 \u514b\/\u6469\u5c14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.51\u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u878d\u5408\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>-41.5\u00b0C (-42.7\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6cb8\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>83.0\u00b0C (181.4\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u95ea\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6df7\u6eb6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u4e8e\u9187\u3001\u919a\u7b49\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\u529b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u57f9\u517b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u84b8\u6c14\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.48\uff08\u7a7a\u6c14=1\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9178\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>-1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9178\u78b1\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1\uff0810%\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u785d\u9178\u7684\u95ea\u70b9\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\u3002 10%\u7684\u785d\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684pH\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u3002 pKa \u662f\u9178\u89e3\u79bb\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u8d1f\u5bf9\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u9178\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5371\u9669\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u8150\u8680\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u6216\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u70e7\u4f24\u3001\u773c\u775b\u635f\u4f24\u548c\u547c\u5438\u9053\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u5904\u7406\u785d\u9178\u65f6\u5e94\u4f69\u6234\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u5957\u548c\u62a4\u76ee\u955c\u3002\u50a8\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u5e94\u901a\u98ce\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u7269\u5e94\u53ca\u65f6\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u6bd2\u70df\u96fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u89e6\u76ae\u80a4\u6216\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u8bf7\u7528\u6c34\u51b2\u6d17\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u533a\u57df\u81f3\u5c11 20 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u533b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5371\u9669\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u6709\u5bb3\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u6709\u5bb3\u3001\u523a\u6fc0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>S2 \u2013 \u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 S23 \u2013 \u4e0d\u8981\u5438\u5165\u70df\u96fe\u3002 S24\/25 \u2013 \u907f\u514d\u63a5\u89e6\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u773c\u775b\u3002 S26 \u2013 \u5982\u679c\u63a5\u89e6\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u8bf7\u7acb\u5373\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u51b2\u6d17\u5e76\u54a8\u8be2\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8bc6\u522b\u53f7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u8054\u5408\u56fd2031<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6d77\u5173\u7f16\u7801<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2811.90.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5305\u88c5\u7ec4\u522b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e09\u3001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6bd2\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6444\u5165\u548c\u5438\u5165\u6bd2\u6027\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u70e7\u4f24\u548c\u773c\u775b\u635f\u4f24\u4ee5\u53ca\u547c\u5438\u9053\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u785d\u9178\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5965\u65af\u7279\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u6cd5\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u7528\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c27\u5316<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u6c28-nh3\/\">\u6c28<\/a>\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7532\u82ef\u785d\u5316\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u7532\u82efc7h8\/\">\u7532\u82ef<\/a>\u785d\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u57fa\u7532\u82ef\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6c27\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u52a0\u70ed\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6c27\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u6c28-nh3\/\">\u6c28<\/a>\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6c27\u5316\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u6c28-nh3\/\">\u6c27\u6c14<\/a>\u76f4\u63a5\u6c27\u5316\u6c28\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u785d\u9178\u94a0\u7535\u89e3\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u7535\u89e3\u785d\u9178\u94a0\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3001\u6210\u672c\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u9014\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u785d\u9178\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u785d\u9178\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u80a5\u6599\uff1a\u785d\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6c2e\u80a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u548c\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u836f\u54c1\uff1a\u785d\u9178\u7528\u4f5c\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u8bd5\u5242\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u70b8\u836f\uff1a\u785d\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u70b8\u836f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70b8\u836f\u548c\u785d\u5316\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\uff1a\u785d\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u9178\u6d17\u3001\u6e05\u6d01\u548c\u8680\u523b\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u94a2\u3001\u94dc\u548c\u94dd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5370\u67d3\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u67d3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u5a92\u67d3\u5242\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u785d\u9178\u6765\u63a7\u5236 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