{"id":356,"date":"2023-07-23T21:41:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T21:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%97%8f\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T21:41:49","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T21:41:49","slug":"%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%97%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%97%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u65cf"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/groupes-du-tableau-periodique.jpg\" alt=\"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u65cf\" class=\"wp-image-4917\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5217\u79f0\u4e3a\u65cf\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6709 18 \u4e2a\u65cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65cf\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-1:-Alkali-metals\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\uff1a\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 1 \u65cf<\/a>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4876\">\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u7ec4\u5305\u62ec\u9502\u3001\u94a0\u3001\u94be\u3001\u94f7\u3001\u94ef\u548c\u94ab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u4ee5\u5176\u67d4\u8f6f\u3001\u7194\u70b9\u4f4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6c34\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u91ca\u653e\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u79bb\u5b50\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/alkali-metals.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u81ea\u71c3\u5e76\u4e0e\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u7206\u70b8\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6c22\u6c14\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/ehs.stanford.edu\/reference\/information-alkali-metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-2:-Alkaline-earth-metals\"><strong>\u7b2c 2 \u7ec4\uff1a\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 2 \u65cf<\/a>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4886\">\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u65cf\u5305\u62ec\u516d\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u94cd\u3001\u9541\u3001\u9499\u3001\u9536\u3001\u94a1\u548c\u956d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u78b1\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nottingham.ac.uk\/nmp\/sonet\/rlos\/science\/acid_base_intro\/page_four.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u78b1\u6027\uff08\u78b1\u6027\uff09\u6eb6\u6db2<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5f62\u6210\u5e26+2\u7535\u8377\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0e\u6c34\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u7b2c 1 \u65cf\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u4e14\u7194\u70b9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u5e38\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9aa8\u5934\uff08\u9499\uff09\u3001\u70df\u82b1\uff08\u9536\uff09\u548c\u98de\u673a\u96f6\u4ef6\uff08\u9541\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u94dd\u548c\u94a2\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-3---11:-Transition-metals\"><strong>\u7b2c 3 \u2013 11 \u7ec4\uff1a\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c3\u65cf\u81f3\u7b2c11\u65cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4900\">\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u65cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u8272\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u6536\u548c\u53cd\u5c04\u67d0\u4e9b\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemguide.co.uk\/inorganic\/complexions\/colour.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5176\u9ad8\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u6cb8\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u8010\u7528\u6027\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u3001\u7535\u7ebf\u751a\u81f3\u73e0\u5b9d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-13:-Boron-group\"><strong>\u7b2c13\u65cf\uff1a\u787c\u65cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 13 \u65cf<\/a>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u787c\u65cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5143\u7d20\u787c (B)\u3001\u94dd (Al)\u3001\u9553 (Ga)\u3001\u94df (In)\u3001\u94ca (Tl) \u548c\u954d (Nh)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u787c\u662f\u8be5\u65cf\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u51c6\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4860\">\u51c6\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868-\u91d1\u5c5e-\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e-\u51c6\u91d1\u5c5e\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4923\">\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-14:-Carbon-group\"><strong>\u7b2c14\u7ec4\uff1a\u78b3\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 14 \u65cf<\/a>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u78b3\u65cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u78b3 (C)\u3001\u7845 (Si)\u3001\u9517 (Ge)\u3001\u9521 (Sn)\u3001\u94c5 (Pb) \u548c\u94cd (Fl)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u548c DNA \u7b49\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/flexbooks.ck12.org\/cbook\/ck-12-biology-flexbook-2.0\/section\/1.9\/primary\/lesson\/significance-of-carbon-bio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-15:-Pnictogens\"><strong>\u7b2c 15 \u7ec4\uff1a\u4ea7\u70df\u5242<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 15 \u65cf<\/a>\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c2e\u65cf\uff08\u6216\u6c2e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65cf\u5305\u542b 6 \u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6c2e (N)\u3001\u78f7 (P)\u3001\u7837 (As)\u3001\u9511 (Sb)\u3001\u94cb (Bi) \u548c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1 (Mc)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c 15 \u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u516b\u4f4d\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e09\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/anion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9634\u79bb\u5b50<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-16:-Chalcogens\"><strong>\u7b2c 16 \u7ec4\uff1a\u786b\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 16 \u65cf<\/a>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c27\u57fa\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u5143\u7d20\u6c27 (O)\u3001\u786b (S)\u3001\u7852 (Se)\u3001\u78b2 (Te)\u3001\u948b (Po) \u548c\u809d (Lv)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u80fd\u7ea7\u5177\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u662f\u8be5\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6c34\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u57fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4840\">\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4854\">\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Group-17:-Halogens\"><strong>\u7b2c 17 \u7ec4\uff1a\u5364\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 17 \u65cf<\/a>\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" 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