{"id":351,"date":"2023-07-23T22:22:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T22:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e8%bf%87%e6%b8%a1%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T22:22:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T22:22:41","slug":"%e8%bf%87%e6%b8%a1%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e8%bf%87%e6%b8%a1%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tableau-periodique-des-metaux-de-transition.jpg\" alt=\"\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\" class=\"wp-image-4845\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868-\u91d1\u5c5e-\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e-\u51c6\u91d1\u5c5e\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4923\">\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u5468\u671f\u8868<\/a>\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c 3 \u81f3 11 \u65cf<a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/General_Chemistry\/Map%3A_General_Chemistry_(Petrucci_et_al.)\/23%3A_The_Transition_Elements\/23.1%3A_General_Properties_of_Transition_Metals#:~:text=the%20d%2Dblock%20elements%20in%20groups%203%E2%80%9311%20are%20transition%20elements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>\u3002 [1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u5145\u7684 D \u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u591a\u79cd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemguide.co.uk\/inorganic\/redox\/oxidnstates.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6c27\u5316\u6001<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-are-transition-metals?\"><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>\u8fc7\u6e21\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6216\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff09\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5145\u6ee1\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08M\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff08M + \uff0c<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>M 2<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em><sup>+<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\uff0c<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em><sup>M 3<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\uff09<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em><sup>\u3002 +<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u7b49<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521d\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1aM\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1aM <sup>+<\/sup> \u3001M <sup>2+<\/sup> \u3001M <sup>3+<\/sup>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 1\uff1a\u94dc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cu \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u4e3a\uff1a [Ar] 3d <sup>10<\/sup> 4s <sup>1<\/sup>\u4e14<\/p>\n<p>Cu <sup>2+<\/sup>\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u4e3a\uff1a[Ar] 3d <sup>9<\/sup> \u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u94dc<\/a>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001 (Cu <sup>2+<\/sup> ) \u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u5145\u7684 D \u8f68\u9053\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/configuration-electronique-du-cuivre.jpg\" alt=\"\u94dc\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\" class=\"wp-image-4902\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8bfa\u5179\u5b66\u4e60<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 2\uff1a\u950c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zn \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u4e3a\uff1a [Ar] 3d <sup>10<\/sup> 4s <sup>2<\/sup>\u4e14<\/p>\n<p>Zn <sup>2+<\/sup>\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6784\u578b\u4e3a\uff1a[Ar] 3d <sup>10<\/sup> \u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u950c<\/a>\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u57fa\u6001 (Zn) \u53ca\u5176\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001 (Zn <sup>2+<\/sup> ) \u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1 D \u8f68\u9053\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/configuration-electronique-du-zinc.jpg\" alt=\"\u950c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\" class=\"wp-image-4903\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8bfa\u5179\u5b66\u4e60<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Why-are-transition-metals-called-so?\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u60a8\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e0a\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\u4ece\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d28\u5230\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pourquoi-les-metaux-de-transition-sont-ils-appeles-ainsi.jpg\" alt=\"\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u53eb\" class=\"wp-image-4904\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u91d1\u5c5e\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u60a8\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5757\u65f6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p> D \u8f68\u9053\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u6742\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Facts-about-transition-metals\"><strong>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6709\u5173\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Courses\/CSU_Fullerton\/Chem_325%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Cooley)\/05%3A_d-Block_Metal_Chemistry-_General_Considerations\/5.01%3A_Oxidation_States_of_Transition_Metals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u591a\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u6001<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u8377\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u7535\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u8d35\u91cd\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u91d1<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u94f6<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u94c2<\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Uses-of-transition-metals\"><strong>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u94c1<\/a>\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u94a2\uff0c\u94a2\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u94dc\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u7ebf\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u826f\u597d\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u949b<\/a>\u56e0\u5176\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u8f7b\u548c\u8010\u8150\u8680\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5e94\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u690d\u5165\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u954d<\/a>\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u7535\u9540\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u94f6\u7528\u4e8e\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u786c\u5e01\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u88c5\u9970\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u677f\u548c\u6297\u83cc\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ec4\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u88c5\u9970\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u548c\u533b\u836f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u94c2\u56e0\u5176\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uti.edu\/blog\/automotive\/catalytic-converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u50ac\u5316\u8f6c\u6362\u5668<\/a>\u3001\u73e0\u5b9d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u9530<\/a>\u7528\u4e8e\u70bc\u94a2\u3001\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u575a\u56fa\u3001\u8f7b\u8d28\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5bf9\u94b4\u6709\u78c1\u6027\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"7297\">\u94b4\u7528\u4e8e\u78c1\u94c1<\/a>\u3001\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u575a\u56fa\u3001\u8010\u7528\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>\u6982\u62ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u5145\u7684 D \u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u60a8\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ece\u91d1\u5c5e\u5230\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u7535\u5bfc\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u548c\u94c2\u7b49\u8d35\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u7535\u7ebf\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u3001\u533b\u836f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u50ac\u5316\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c 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