{"id":345,"date":"2023-07-23T23:25:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T23:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e5%8d%a4%e7%b4%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T23:25:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T23:25:37","slug":"%e5%8d%a4%e7%b4%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e5%8d%a4%e7%b4%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5364\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tableau-periodique-des-halogenes.jpg\" alt=\"\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\" class=\"wp-image-4872\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7b2c 17 \u65cf<\/a>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5364\u7d20\u65cf\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5364\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c1f<\/a>(F)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c2f<\/a>(Cl)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6eb4<\/a>(Br)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7898<\/a>(I) \u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7839<\/a>(At)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u5364\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-are-halogens\"><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5364\u7d20\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u53eb\uff1f<\/strong> <\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/que-sont-les-halogenes.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5364\u7d20\" class=\"wp-image-4873\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p> \u201c\u5364\u7d20\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u201chalos\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u76d0\uff0c\u201cgenes\u201d\u610f\u601d\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/science-and-technology\/chemistry\/compounds-and-elements\/halogen-elements#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20tendency%20to%20form%20salts%2C%20the%20first%20of%20the%20halogens%20to%20be%20isolated%E2%80%94chlorine%2C%20in%201811%E2%80%94was%20originally%20named%20%22halogen.%22%20This%20is%20a%20combination%20of%20the%20Greek%20words%20halos%2C%20or%20salt%2C%20and%20gennan%2C%20%22to%20form%20or%20generate.%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u6700\u521d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4840\">\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u76d0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6c2f (Cl <sub>2<\/sub> ) \u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u94a0<\/a>(Na) \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0 (NaCl)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u98df\u76d0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> 2Na + <sub>Cl2<\/sub> \u2192 2NaCl<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u6eb4 (Br <sub>2<\/sub> ) \u4e0e\u94be (K) \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u6eb4\u5316\u94be (KBr)\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> 2K + <sub>Br2<\/sub> \u2192 2KBr<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5364\u7d20\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u76d0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u201c\u5364\u7d20\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"The-most-reactive-halogen-on-the-periodic-table\"><strong>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u5364\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/halogene-le-plus-reactif-du-tableau-periodique.jpg\" alt=\"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u5364\u7d20\" class=\"wp-image-4874\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u6c1f\u662f\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u5364\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7535\u8d1f\u6027<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Inorganic_Chemistry\/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)\/Descriptive_Chemistry\/Elements_Organized_by_Block\/2_p-Block_Elements\/Group_17%3A_The_Halogens\/0Group_17%3A_Physical_Properties_of_the_Halogens\/Group_17%3A_General_Properties_of_Halogens#:~:text=Fluorine%20is%20extremely%20reactive%20and%20reacts%20directly%20with%20all%20elements%20except%20helium%20(He)%2C%20neon%20(Ne)%20and%20argon%20(Ar).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c1f\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5757\u7535\u5b50\u78c1\u94c1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u5916\u58f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u5e76\u7a83\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c1f\u5982\u6b64\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u4ee5\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6700\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7684\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"7427\">\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u4e5f\u6781\u5176\u5371\u9669<\/a>\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u548c\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Reactivity-of-halogens\"><strong>\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u800c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u67097\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6765\u586b\u5145\u5b83\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u50cf<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4893\">\u60f0\u6027\u6c14\u4f53<\/a>\u4e00\u6837\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6784\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6c1f\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u56fe\u5728\u5176\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u6709 7 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/configuration-electronique-du-fluor.jpg\" alt=\"\u8424\u77f3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\" class=\"wp-image-4858\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981 1 \u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u516b\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282 (7 + 1 = 8)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u79f0\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metal_halides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269\u7684<\/a>\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u706b\u7130\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c22<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u786b<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c2e<\/a>\u7b49<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868-\u91d1\u5c5e-\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e-\u51c6\u91d1\u5c5e\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4923\">\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5171\u4ef7\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Inorganic_Chemistry\/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)\/Descriptive_Chemistry\/Main_Group_Reactions\/Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Halogens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97<a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/chemistry\/electronic-structure-of-atoms\/electron-configurations-jay-sal\/v\/noble-gas-configuration-electronic-structure-of-atoms-chemistry-khan-academy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u60f0\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\u6784\u578b<\/a>\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u6cfc\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Periodic-trends-of-halogens\"><strong>\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\u65cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff1a<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5364\u7d20\u6bd4\u5b83\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8ddd\u79bb\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u66f4\u8fdc\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u65cf\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u5364\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6c1f\u548c\u6c2f\uff09\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5364\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u7898\u548c\u7839\uff09\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5438\u5f15\u7535\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u6cb8\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u6cb8\u70b9\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u529b\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zg337p3\/revision\/1#:~:text=Solid-,The,is%20needed%20to%20overcome%20these%20forces,-Example\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u65cf\u7fa4\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5364\u7d20\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u65cf\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u5364\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6c1f\u548c\u6c2f\uff09\u6bd4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5364\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u7898\u548c\u7839\uff09\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>\u6982\u62ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7b2c 17 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