{"id":342,"date":"2023-07-23T23:58:56","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T23:58:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e9%9d%9e%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T23:58:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T23:58:56","slug":"%e9%9d%9e%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e9%9d%9e%e9%87%91%e5%b1%9e%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tableau-periodique-des-non-metaux.jpg\" alt=\"\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\" class=\"wp-image-4855\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91d1\u5c5e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u548c\u5149\u6cfd\u3002\u9664<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c22<\/a>\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5747\u4f4d\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<\/a>\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c27\u6c14<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c2f\u6c14<\/a>\u7b49\u6c14\u4f53\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6eb4<\/a>\u7b49\u6db2\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u786b<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u78b3<\/a>\u7b49\u56fa\u4f53\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Introductory_Chemistry\/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)\/06%3A_The_Periodic_Table\/6.06%3A_Nonmetals#:~:text=Nonmetals%20exist%20in%20all%20three%C2%A0states%20of%20matter.%20The%20majority%20are%C2%A0gases%2C%20such%20as%20nitrogen%20and%20oxygen.%20Bromine%20is%20a%C2%A0liquid.%20A%20few%20are%20solids%2C%20such%20as%20carbon%20and%20sulfur.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u6709\u5173\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"What-exactly-are-the-nonmetals?\"><strong>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/que-sont-les-non-metaux.jpg\" alt=\"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\" class=\"wp-image-4856\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u91d1\u5c5e\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u7535\u8d1f\u6027<\/a>\uff0c <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Courses\/Mount_Royal_University\/Chem_1201\/Unit_2._Periodic_Properties_of_the_Elements\/2.12%3A_Electronegativity#:~:text=Elements%20with%20a%20high%20electronegativity%20are%20generally%20nonmetals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[2] \u8fd9<\/sup><\/a>\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4840\">\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c2f\u4ece\u94a0\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0 (NaCl)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"List-of-nonmetals-present-on-the-periodic-table\"><strong>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6c22 (H)<\/li>\n<li>\u6c26\u6c14 (He)<\/li>\n<li>\u78b3\uff08C\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6c2e (N)<\/li>\n<li>\u6c27\u6c14 (O)<\/li>\n<li>\u8424\u77f3 (F)<\/li>\n<li>\u9713\u8679\u706f\uff08\u6c16\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u78f7\uff08P\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u786b\uff08S\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6c2f (Cl)<\/li>\n<li>\u6c29\u6c14 (Ar)<\/li>\n<li>\u7852 (Se)<\/li>\n<li>\u6eb4 (Br)<\/li>\n<li>\u6c2a (Kr)<\/li>\n<li>\u7898 (I)<\/li>\n<li>\u6c19 (Xe)<\/li>\n<li>\u7839\uff08At\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6c21 (Rn)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u4f46\u6c22\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u6c22\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4876\">\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"State-of-non-metals-(solid,-liquid-or-gas?)\"><strong>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u56fa\u6001\u3001\u6db2\u6001\u8fd8\u662f\u6c14\u6001\uff1f\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u56fa\u4f53\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 11\u79cd\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u5448\u6c14\u6001\u3002 [3]<\/li>\n<li>\u6eb4 (Br) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u5448\u6db2\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4f59\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u4e3a\u56fa\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Most-reactive-nonmetal\"><strong>\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/non-metal-le-plus-reactif.jpg\" alt=\"\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\" class=\"wp-image-4857\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\/\">\u6c1f<\/a>(F) \u662f\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u6700\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c1f\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u80fd\u7ea7\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6765\u586b\u5145\u5176<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nde-ed.org\/Physics\/AtomElements\/valenceshell.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u5c42<\/a>\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6784\u578b\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/configuration-electronique-du-fluor.jpg\" alt=\"\u8424\u77f3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\" class=\"wp-image-4858\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6c1f\u79bb\u5b50\uff08F-\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9ad8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u6c1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u73bb\u7483\u3002 <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/nj.gov\/health\/eoh\/rtkweb\/documents\/fs\/0937.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u6c1f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7531\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Role-of-nonmetals-in-environmental-and-industrial-applications\"><strong>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2e\u6c14\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269 (NOx) \u662f\u8f66\u8f86\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u3002\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c2e\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\u7b49\u65e0\u5bb3\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c27\u6c14\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u6709\u5bb3\u6392\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u80a5\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2e\u3001\u78f7\u3001\u786b\u662f\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u548c\u8fc7\u78f7\u9178\u9499\u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u80a5\u6599\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7535\u6c60\uff1a<\/strong>\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u786b\u3001\u78b3\u3001\u9502\u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u51c0\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2f\u548c\u7898\u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u6c34\u51c0\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6740\u6b7b\u6709\u5bb3\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/wash-documents\/wash-chemicals\/iodine-02032018.pdf?sfvrsn=4d414c11_5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\uff1a<\/strong>\u786b\u3001\u6c2f\u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u786b\u9178\u3001\u76d0\u9178\u3001\u6c2f\u57fa\u6eb6\u5242\u7b49\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 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