{"id":1057,"date":"2023-07-19T06:23:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T06:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%99caoh2%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e7%a2%b1%e5%90%97\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T06:23:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T06:23:41","slug":"%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%99caoh2%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e7%a2%b1%e5%90%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%a7%e5%8c%96%e9%92%99caoh2%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e7%a2%b1%e5%90%97\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499 [ca(oh)2] \u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499 (Ca(OH)2) \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\u3002\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\u6210\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Ca2+\uff09\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\uff08OH-\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5448\u5f3a\u78b1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499 (Ca(OH)2) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u78b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u5411\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (OH-)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c28 (NH3) \u7b49\u5f31\u78b1\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bf9 pH \u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f3a\u78b1\u6027\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u5728\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001pH\u8c03\u8282\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\"><em>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499 (Ca(OH)2) \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u5c06\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (OH-) \u91ca\u653e\u5230\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u89e3\u79bb\u662f\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u5b50 (H+) \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u65f6\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u9499\u79bb\u5b50 (Ca2+) \u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (OH-)\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"> Ca(OH) <sub>2<\/sub> (s) + H <sub>2<\/sub> O (l) \u2192 Ca <sup>2+<\/sup> (aq) + 2 OH <sup>\u2013<\/sup> (aq)<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (OH-) \u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4 pH \u503c\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u78b1\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f31\u78b1\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5bf9 pH \u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u78b1\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\uff08\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u9499\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79bb\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<a href=\"http:\/\/www.csun.edu\/~psk17793\/G%20Chemistry\/determining_the_strengths_of_aci.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u57fa\u6781\u7535\u963b<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u4e0e\u5f31\u78b1\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\uff08\u5f3a\u78b1\uff09\u548c\u5f31\u78b1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982NH3\uff09\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffcf5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5916\u8c8c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\uff08\u5f3a\u78b1\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u6c28 (NH3)\uff08\u5f31\u78b1\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u9499(OH)2<\/td>\n<td>\u6c28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>Ca(OH) <sub>2<\/sub> (s) + H <sub>2<\/sub> O (l) \u2192 Ca <sup>2+<\/sup> (aq) + 2 OH <sup>\u2013<\/sup> (aq)<\/td>\n<td> NH <sub>3<\/sub> (aq) + H <sub>2<\/sub> O (l) \u2192 NH <sub>4<\/sub> <sup>+<\/sup> (aq) + OH <sup>\u2013<\/sup> (aq)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<td>\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OH-\u6d53\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684 OH \u79bb\u5b50<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684 OH \u79bb\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH\u503c\u6548\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u7565\u5fae\u589e\u52a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b9e\u529b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u865a\u5f31\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6c28 (NH3) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f31\u78b1\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53\u6c28\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5f62\u6210\u94f5\u79bb\u5b50\uff08NH4+\uff09\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\uff08OH-\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u78b1\uff0c\u6c28\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u8d28\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bf9 pH \u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u5f3a\u78b1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u5f3a\u78b1\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f3a\u78b1\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u6c34\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7d6e\u51dd\u5242\u548c pH \u8c03\u8282\u5242\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u6742\u8d28\u3001\u4e2d\u548c\u9178\u6027\u6c34\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u60ac\u6d6e\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u548c\u6c89\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u571f\u58e4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7528\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u6539\u5584\u571f\u58e4\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u571f\u58e4\u9178\u5ea6\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u7c98\u571f\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u627f\u8f7d\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u719f\u77f3\u7070\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lime_mortar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u77f3\u7070\u7802\u6d46<\/a>\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u7070\u6ce5\u548c\u77f3\u7070\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u548c\u8010\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u9644\u7740\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u52a0\u5de5\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9499\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u3001\u78b1\u548c\u9499\u76d0\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242 (E526)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9178\u6d17\u3001pH \u8c03\u8282\u5242\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u70d8\u7119\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>pH\u503c\u8c03\u8282\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u7684pH\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u548c\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u70df\u6c14\u8131\u786b (FGD)\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0cFGD \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u53bb\u9664\u70df\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b (SO2)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6709\u5bb3\u6392\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ae\u9769\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u76ae\u9769\u52a0\u5de5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7528\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liming_(leather_processing)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9509\u78e8<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u76ae\u9769\u751f\u4ea7\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u94bb\u4e95\u6db2\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7528\u4e8e\u94bb\u4e95\u6db2\u4e2d\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236 pH \u503c\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u7c98\u571f\u81a8\u80c0\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e95\u773c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9020\u7eb8\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u9020\u7eb8\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6f02\u767d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eb8\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u586b\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7cd6\u7cbe\u70bc\uff1a<\/strong>\u5236\u7cd6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u7cd6\u7cbe\u70bc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\u548c\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6297\u83cc\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d88\u6bd2\u548c\u536b\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u773c\u775b\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u65f6\u90fd\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 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