{"id":1036,"date":"2023-07-19T09:50:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T09:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hf%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%9f%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T09:50:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T09:50:59","slug":"hf%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%9f%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hf%e6%b0%a2%e6%b0%9f%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Hf\uff08\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\uff09\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\uff08HF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\u3002\u5f53\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\uff08H+\uff09\u548c\u6c1f\u79bb\u5b50\uff08F-\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acid_strength\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5f3a\u9178<\/a>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cHF \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u89e3\u79bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u672a\u89e3\u79bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178 (HF) \u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178 (HF) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<li> HF\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6c22\u6c1f\u952e\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c22\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u6c1f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<li> HF \u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73bb\u7483\u8680\u523b\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u9178\u6d17\u548c\u7845\u7247\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\">\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u5982\u76d0\u9178(HCl)\u6216\u786b\u9178(H <em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em> <em>SO<\/em> <em><sub>4<\/sub><\/em> <em>)<\/em><em>\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178(HF)\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f31\u9178<\/em>\u3002<em>\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u662f\u5f31\u9178\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5f3a\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u6c1f\u952e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f3a\u3002\u5f53\u9178\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u952e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c22\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6c1f\u79bb\u5b50\u89e3\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f53\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206 HF \u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u89e3\u79bb\u6210 H+\uff08\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u548c F-\uff08\u6c1f\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a HF \u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f3a\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1a<\/strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6709\u9650\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\uff0c\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u5f3a\u9178\u3002\u5f3a\u9178\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps\/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)\/Acids_and_Bases\/Ionization_Constants\/Fundamentals_of_Ionization_Constants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570<\/a>(Ka) \u662f\u8861\u91cf\u9178\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5373\u9178\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d28\u5b50\uff08H+ \u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u7684\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5176\u9178\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u70e7\u4f24\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u7279\u6b8a\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178 (HF) \u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\uff08\u5982 HCl\uff09\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffcf5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5916\u8c8c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\uff08HF\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u5f3a\u9178\uff08HCl\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u6c22\u6c1f\u952e<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u6c22\u6c2f\u952e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<td>\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570(Ka)<\/td>\n<td>\u865a\u5f31\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u6548\u7535\u89e3\u6db2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u7535\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5bfc\u4f53<\/td>\n<td>\u7535\u7684\u826f\u5bfc\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8150\u8680\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u59cb\u7ec8\u5177\u6709\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u6bd2\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u6bd2\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u5728\u7ed3\u5408\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6c34\u4e2d\u79bb\u89e3\u5ea6\u3001\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570\uff08Ka\uff09\u3001\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u8150\u8680\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1 HF \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8150\u8680\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cHCl \u7b49\u5f3a\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178 (HF) \u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u73bb\u7483\u8680\u523b\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\uff1a<\/strong>\u9ad8\u9891\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8680\u523b\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53bb\u9664\u73bb\u7483\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8584\u5c42\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u78e8\u7802\u73bb\u7483\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u57fa\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u73bb\u7483\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6e05\u6d01\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91d1\u5c5e\u5265\u79bb\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\uff1a<\/strong> HF \u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5265\u79bb\u548c\u6e05\u6d01\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u548c\u6742\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u4f4e\u9178\u5ea6\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d7\u63a7\u3001\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u9664\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7845\u6676\u5706\u751f\u4ea7\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0cHF \u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u9664\u7845\u6676\u5706\u4e0a\u7684\u8584\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5236\u9020\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u7cbe\u70bc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u70f7\u57fa\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u8f9b\u70f7\u503c\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b66\uff1a<\/strong> HF \u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7535\u611f\u8026\u5408\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u4f53\u8d28\u8c31 (ICP-MS)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6837\u54c1\u6d88\u89e3\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u75d5\u91cf\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u5236\u9020\uff1a<\/strong> HF \u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5404\u79cd\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u7684\u524d\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u94dd\u51b6\u70bc\u7684\u51b0\u6676\u77f3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7259\u79d1\u548c\u533b\u7597\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/strong>\u9ad8\u9891\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u7259\u79d1\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5728\u7c98\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\u8680\u523b\u7259\u91c9\u8d28\u8868\u9762\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9ad8\u8150\u8680\u6027\u548c\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u533b\u7597\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u786b\u9178h2so4\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\/\">H2SO4\uff08\u786b\u9178\uff09\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<br \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/h2s\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f\/\">H2S\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<br 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