{"id":1029,"date":"2023-07-19T10:58:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T10:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hcn%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T10:58:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T10:58:05","slug":"hcn%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hcn%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Hcn\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f \uff08+ 3 \u4ef6\u4e8b\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>HCN\uff08\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+)\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f31\u9178\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cHCN \u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 H+ \u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5f3a\u9178\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1aHCN \u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li> HCN \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<li> HCN \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6bd2\u4e14\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5e94\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\uff0cHCN \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u9540\u3001\u5c3c\u9f99\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u718f\u84b8\u5242\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u548c\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u63d0\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48HCN\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\"><em>\u6c30\u5316\u6c22 (HCN) \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u8d28\u5b50\uff08H+ \u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u3002\u9178\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5411\u6c34\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d28\u5b50\u5e76\u5f62\u6210<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acs.org\/content\/acs\/en\/molecule-of-the-week\/archive\/h\/hydronium-ion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>\u6c34\u5408\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50<\/em><\/a><em>(H3O+) \u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eHCN\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"> HCN + H2O \u21cc H3O+ + CN-<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cHCN \u5411\u6c34\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6c34\u5408\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H3O+) \u548c\u6c30\u5316\u7269\u79bb\u5b50 (CN-)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206 HCN \u5206\u5b50\u89e3\u79bb\u5f62\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4 HCN \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hcn\u5218\u6613\u65af\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\/\">HCN \u4e2d\u78b3\u548c\u6c2e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u952e\uff0c<\/a>\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u952e\u975e\u5e38\u7262\u56fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6c30\u5316\u7269\u79bb\u5b50\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u6c2e\u6bd4\u78b3\u66f4\u5177\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5438\u5f15\u5411\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86 HCN \u5206\u5b50\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u8d28\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u632f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f31\u9178\uff08\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carboxylic_acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7fa7\u9178\uff09<\/a>\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cHCN \u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5171\u632f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u632f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u9178\u6027\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff1a<\/strong> HCN \u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u9178\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0cHCN \u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5f31\u9178\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5267\u6bd2\u4e14\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5e94\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong>HCN \u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6c30\u5316\u6c22 (HCN) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f31\u9178\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5f3a\u9178 (HX) \u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffcf5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5916\u8c8c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>HCN\uff08\u5f31\u9178\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <strong>HX\uff08\u5f3a\u9178\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>HCN + H2O \u21cc H3O+ + CN-<\/td>\n<td> HX + H2O \u2192 H3O+ + X-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d28\u5b50\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d28\u5b50 (H+)<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d28\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5982\u9178<\/td>\n<td>\u865a\u5f31\u7684<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH\u503c\u6eb6\u6db2<\/td>\n<td>pH\u503c\u5448\u5f31\u9178\u6027<\/td>\n<td>pH\u503c\u5448\u5f3a\u9178\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u79bb\u5e38\u6570(Ka)<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4eKa\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8Ka\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/td>\n<td>\u5f3a\u6548\u7535\u89e3\u6db2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u5bfc\u7535\u7387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5e73\u8861\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<td>\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8bd5\u5242<\/td>\n<td>\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\uff08HCN\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5c11\u91cf\u8d28\u5b50\uff08H+\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5f3a\u9178 (HX) \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e pH \u503c\u7684\u66f4\u5f3a\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong>HCN \u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6c30\u5316\u6c22\uff08HCN\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\uff1a<\/strong> HCN\u5728\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6c30\u57fa\uff08-CN\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u3002\u6c30\u57fa\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u9970\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u79cd\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u836f\u7269\u3001\u519c\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u548c\u67d3\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91d1\u5c5e\u7535\u9540\uff1a<\/strong> HCN \u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u9540\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u94f6\u548c\u91d1\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d82\u5c42\u3002\u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u7edc\u5408\u5242\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7535\u9540\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u6750\u4e0a\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6c89\u79ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c3c\u9f99\u751f\u4ea7\uff1a<\/strong> HCN \u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5df1\u4e8c\u8148\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u5df1\u4e8c\u8148\u662f\u5236\u9020\u5c3c\u9f99 6,6\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u548c\u5851\u6599\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u718f\u84b8\u5242\uff1a<\/strong> HCN\u56e0\u5176\u6bd2\u6027\u9ad8\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5bb3\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\u7684\u718f\u84b8\u5242\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u718f\u84b8\u5242\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong> HCN\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u7684\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u5851\u6599\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u63d0\u53d6\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u91c7\u77ff\u9886\u57df\uff0cHCN \u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c30\u5316\u7269\u6d78\u51fa\u6216\u6c30\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ece\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u91d1\u548c\u94f6\u7b49\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8bd5\u5242\uff1a<\/strong> HCN \u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6216\u7528\u4f5c\u5f31\u9178\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/hbr\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\/\">HBr\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<br \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/\u6c22\u7898\u9178\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f\/\">HI\uff08\u6c22\u7898\u9178\uff09\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<br \/><\/a> <a 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