{"id":1026,"date":"2023-07-19T11:43:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T11:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%94%b2%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T11:43:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T11:43:36","slug":"%e7%94%b2%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/cn\/%e7%94%b2%e9%85%b8%e6%98%af%e5%bc%ba%e9%85%b8%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%bc%b1%e9%85%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7532\u9178 (hcooh) \u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u7532\u9178 (HCOOH) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+)\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/list-of-the-strong-acids-603651\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5f3a\u9178<\/a>\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cH+\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group key is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u7532\u9178\u662f\u5f3a\u9178\u8fd8\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7532\u9178 (HCOOH) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u79bb\u89e3\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9632\u8150\u5242\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u548c\u76ae\u9769\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u6e05\u6d01\u5242\u3001pH \u8c03\u8282\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u589e\u4ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u517b\u8702\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7532\u9178\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"ans\"><em>\u7532\u9178\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\uff1aHCOOH\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u89e3\u79bb\u6216\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u800c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f31\u9178\u3002\u5f53\u9178\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+)\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7532\u9178\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"> HCOOH \u21cc H+ + HCOO-<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u9178 (HCOOH) \u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\u4e3a\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+) \u548c\u7532\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50 (HCOO-)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7532\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5b50\u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u53ef\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong>\u7532\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c0f\u578b<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organic_acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6709\u673a\u9178<\/a>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u7535\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u9178\u6027\u6c22\u7684\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u9178\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9178\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f31\u9178\u5177\u6709\u672a\u89e3\u79bb\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5c31\u7532\u9178\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u5931\u53bb\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u7684\u952e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u89e3\u79bb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u7535\u5438\u5f15\uff1a<\/strong>\u89e3\u79bb\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7532\u9178\u79bb\u5b50\uff08HCOO-\uff09\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u7532\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u5448\u4e2d\u6027\u3002\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u7532\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9759\u7535\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f3a\u9178\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76d0\u9178 (HCl) \u6216\u786b\u9178 (H2SO4)\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u9178\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6eb6\u6db2\u4ea7\u751f\u663e\u7740\u7684\u9178\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u89e3\u79bb\u4e0e\u5f3a\u9178\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHCl\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5982\u4e0b\u3002 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffcf5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8d22\u4ea7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u7532\u9178 (HCOOH)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u76d0\u9178\uff08HCl\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89e3\u79bb\u65b9\u7a0b<\/td>\n<td>HCOOH \u21cc H+ + HCOO-<\/td>\n<td> HCl \u21cc H+ + Cl-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> H+\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u6db2\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u6eb6\u6db2\u6d53\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684pH\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u9178\u6027 pH \u503c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>pH\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u9178\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9759\u7535\u6548\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>H+\u79bb\u5b50\u548cHCOO-\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709 H+ \u79bb\u5b50\u90fd\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6eb6\u6db2\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u5bfc\u7535\u7387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u7532\u9178\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u76d0\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u76d0\u9178\u6bd4\u7532\u9178\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50 (H+) \u6d53\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684 pH \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7532\u9178\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u76d0\u9178\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u7532\u9178\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u800c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u7532\u9178 (HCOOH) \u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9632\u8150\u5242\u548c\u6297\u83cc\u5242\uff1a<\/strong>\u7532\u9178\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u9972\u6599\u548c\u9752\u8d2e\u9972\u6599\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u9632\u8150\u5242\u3002\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u7279\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u98df\u54c1\u7684pH\u503c\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u6709\u5bb3\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u9709\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5ef6\u957f\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u4fdd\u8d28\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u67d3\u8272\u548c\u6574\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282\u67d3\u6d74\u7684 pH \u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u67d3\u6599\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u7ec7\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8272\u7262\u5ea6\u548c\u67d3\u6599\u5438\u6536\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76ae\u9769\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a<\/strong>\u7532\u9178\u7528\u4e8e\u76ae\u9769\u97a3\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53bb\u9664\u751f\u76ae\u4e0a\u7684\u6bdb\u53d1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6742\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u7279\u6027\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7ea4\u7ef4\u81a8\u80c0\u5e76\u4f7f\u6bdb\u53d1\u677e\u5f1b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53bb\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e05\u6d01\u9664\u57a2\u5242\uff1a<\/strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u9178\u5448\u5f31\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e05\u6d01\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u9664\u57a2\u5242\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7532\u9178\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u9762\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3001\u94c1\u9508\u548c\u6c34\u57a2\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5404\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 pH 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