{"id":18,"date":"2023-07-26T22:06:11","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3-o2\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T22:06:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:06:11","slug":"%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3-o2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3-o2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 o2 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a 6 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"650\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/structure-o2-lewis.jpg\" alt=\"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 O2 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\" class=\"wp-image-163\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#ff0000\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 O2 Lewis \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O) \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O).<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640 O2 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Oxygen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O2<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a> \u0644\u0640 O2.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 O2 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/a> \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/a> \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0630\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<br \/> (\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0633\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u2192 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-49\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 16<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/periodic.lanl.gov\/8.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a <strong>6<\/strong> . <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2 = 6(2) = 12.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0648 O2 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646). \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-1.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1\" class=\"wp-image-164\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O). <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-2.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2\" class=\"wp-image-165\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_bond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0636\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-3.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3\" class=\"wp-image-166\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>12 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>8 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 = <strong>12 \u2013 8 = 4<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-4.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4\" class=\"wp-image-167\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646) (O) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 8. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-7.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 7\" class=\"wp-image-170\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640 O2 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 6: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640 O2.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"http:\/\/ch301.cm.utexas.edu\/atomic\/#lewis-dot\/formal-charge.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 O2.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffe9cf;text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 = \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u2013 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629)\/2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/o2-etape-8.webp\" alt=\"O2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 8\" class=\"wp-image-171\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> <strong>\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O):<\/strong><strong><br \/><\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 = 6 (\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 16)<strong><br \/><\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 = 4<br \/> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 = 4 <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> <strong>\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <strong>=<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> <strong>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> <strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629)\/2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> <\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> \u0623\u0648\u0647<\/td>\n<td> =<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> 6<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> 4\/2<\/td>\n<td> &#8211;<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> 4<\/td>\n<td> =<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"> <strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\/\">\u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O)<\/a> \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 <strong>&#8220;\u0635\u0641\u0631&#8221;<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0640 O2 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0640 O2.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0640 O2\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 (:) \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (|). \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 O2. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/structure-de-Lewis-de-o2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0640 O2\" class=\"wp-image-172\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0623\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<style>\n.wp-block-table table, .wp-block-table td, .wp-block-table th {\n    border: 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<p style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\"><strong>\u062c\u0631\u0628 (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f) \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\";text-align:right;direction:rtl\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a><\/td>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633-ch4\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 CH4 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-bf3-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 BF3<\/a><\/td>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-\u0631\u0642\u0645-3-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 NO3-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-o3-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 O3 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a><\/td>\n<td> <a href=\"https:\/\/chemuza.org\/ar\/\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633-c2h2\/\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 C2H2<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 O2 Lewis \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O) 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